Comparative Anatomy Lecture 1

Basic Anatomical Descriptive Terms + Orientation

What are orientation terms used for?

Orient one structure relative to another, mostly applying to external structures and muscles

T/F: All vertebrates have Bilateral Symmetry

True

What plane is this?

Mid-saggital

What plane is this?

Trans-verse

What plane is this?

Frontal

What are the 3 planes used for?

To determine orientation and relative position

Cranial/Anterior

Towards the head/front of the body

Caudal/Posterior

Towards the tail/rear of the body

Dorsal

anything going towards the “back” or vertebral column

Ventral

anything going towards the bely

Lateral

anything that goes away from the mid-sagittal plane

Medial

anything that goes towardst he mid-sagittal plane

When are proximal/Distal terms used

when other directional terms are not applicable

What terms are used as distal/proximal for the interior of the body

Superficial/Deep

What movement is this?

Flexion

What movement is this?

Extension

What movement is this?

Abduction

What movement is this?

Adduction

What movement is this?

Rotation

What movement is this?

Dilation

What movement is this?

Constriction

What movement is this?

Elevation

What movement is this?

Depression

What movement has the hand facing up?

Supranation

What movement has the hand facing down?

Pronation

What is a Condyle?

Protruding element of a hinge, as the ball of the ball-and-socket joint or pin of a hinge joint

What is this ?

Condyle

What is a Cotyle/Cotylus

An articulation shaped as a round-bottom pit or cup

What is an Epicondyle?

A projection located above a condyle

What is Foramen/Foramina

A hole or opening for the passage of a nerve or blood vessel

What is this?

Foramen Magnum- Foramen

Fenestra/Fenestrae

A hole or opening that is covered by some sort of membrane

What an example of a Fenestra?

Fenstra ovalis of the ear

What is Fontanelle?

Any membranous or unossified gap between bones

What is Fossa/Fossae?

A concavity,groove, or pit. Can have various functions

What is this an example of?

Fossa

What is Fovea?

A shallow depression

What is a Lumen?

The hole or space or a tubular structure

What is Mesentar?

Connective tissue that cushins and/or suspends organs to the body cavity or to each other

What is Meatus?

Not really a hole, but more of a channal or passageway

What is Ramus?

A major branching point of a blood vessel or nerve/ large process projection of bone coming off of a particular bone

What is Symphysis?

The point or region of articulation of two bones of a non-moving joint

What is this an example of ?

Symphysis

What is a Tubercle?

Any rounded “bump”. Functions vary

What is Tuberosity?

A projection of a bone for the attachment of muscle tendons

What is this an example of ?

Tuberosity