L2: INFORMATICS THEORY

general Systems theory

Method of thinking about complex structures

• such as an information system or an organization .

General Systems theory

______ holds that any change in one part of a system will be reflected in other parts of the system

Focus of system theory

_____is on interactions among the various parts of the system instead of regarding each individual part as standing alone .

whole is greater than the sum of its parts

general systems theory is based on the premise that the ____________and is the basis for holistic nursing ( Walonick)

Open System

Closed System

Types of Systems

Open System

continually exchanges information wit the environment outside the system

Closed System

system receives no input from the outside .

No, it is a continuum

Are systems absolute (fully open/closed)?

Computerized Information System

Example of System

• grand

• middle range

• Situation specific

Types of theory System

Edward Lorenz 1960

Who developed Chaos Theory?

Weather with set of 12 equations

Chaos Theory was used to predict what?

Differences in outcome

Conditions at starting point

Chaos theory deals with what differences?

What affects outcomes in chaos theory?

an entire structure without reducing it to the elements parts

Chaos theory addresses what?

complex systems such as information systems

Chaos theory is useful with what systems?

Chaos theory

what may appear to be chaotic actually has an order

• events and phenomena depend on initial conditions

Non linear

Chaos theory is what type of system?

Chaos Theory

it allows us to seeing things reframed as a whole can stimulate new thinking and new approaches

Cognitive Science

the study of the mind and intelligence and How this information can be applied.

Cognitive theory

aid an informatics nurse specialist in understanding the information processing done by a nurse in decision making, thus facilitating the design of tools to support these processes

Usability

 has been a problem long before computers,

Advent of computer system

Usability became more visible with what?

usability

• involves the ease of use ,users satisfactions that they have achieved their goals.

• easy faccomplish basic tasks the 1st time product is used

• Once learned, design permits users quickly & easily perform tasks

• if not used for a period of time, it is easy to reestablish proficiency

• Users make very few errors, but easily remedied

• design is pleasant to use

List don the 5 goals of usability

Learning theories

are important in informatics as well as in all nursing endeavors . Users must be taught to use system, and use of these theories can decrease the time for training as well as the time for learning.

1. Grave’s and Corcorans

2. Schiwiran’s model

3. turley’s model

4. Data information Knowlede DIKW model

5. Benners novice to expert model

Give me the 5 Nursing Informatics Model

data into information and knowledge

In Graves and Corcoran’s Model, nursing informatics as the linear progression is from what?

Graves and Corcoran’s model

• Nursing management

________Management processing is integrated within each elements (data , info, knowledge)

• depicting __________as the proper management of knowledge

Identification of information needs

resolution of needs

attainment of goals

In Schiwirian’s Model, nursing informatics involves? (3)

Schiwirian’s Model

proposed a model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing informatics Model/framework that enables identification of significant information needs, that can foster research

Goal

users

Technology

raw materials (nursing related informatics)

Give the Components (pyramid) in Schiwirian’s model

Turley’s model

Nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline- specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics.

discipline specific science / nrusing

area of informatics

In Turley’s Model, nursing informatics is the intersection of what?

• cognitive science

• information science

• computer science

In Turley’s Model, what are the core components of informatics?

Data information knowledge model

is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data , information ,knowledge and wisdom into nursing practice (ANA)(American Nurses Association)

Nursing informatics

• Data information knowledge Model

an evolving, dynamic process involving the conversion of data into information, and subsequently knowledge.

Wisdom

knowledge

Information

Data

Give the components of Pyramid in Data information knowledge model

raw

meaning

context

applied

Data = ____

Information _______

Knowledge = ________

Wisdom = ________

benner’s level of expertise model

Every nurse must be able to continuously exhibit the capability to acquire skills (in this case, computer literacy skills parallel with nursing knowledge), and then demonstrate specific skills beginning with the very first student experience.

Novice

 individuals with no experience of situations and related content in those situations where they are expected to perform tasks

Advance beginner

• supervision

•  marginally demonstrate acceptable performance having built on lessons learned in their expanding experience base; needs _______

Competent

• enhanced mastery and the ability to cope with and manage many contingencies

Proficient

evolution through continuous practice of skills, combined with professional experience and knowledge; individual who appreciates standards of practice as they apply in nursing informatics.

Expert

• minimal effort/ problem solving

•  individual with mastery of the concept and capacity to intuitively understand the situation and immediately target the problem with ________ or ______.

Novice

advance beginner

competent

proficient

Expert

Stages of Benners expertise model