Honors World History Chapter 4B: The Roman Empire

"Rome in peace"

What does "Pax Romana" mean?

Praenomen

What was your first name known as in Rome?

Nomen

What was your second name known as in Rome?

Cognomen

What was your third name known as in Rome?

Agnomen

What was your fourth name known as in Rome?

Princeps

What name was given to the first citizens of Rome?

Augustus

What title given by the Senate was a title of dignity associated with Roman gods?

Created a stable currency based on gold and silver coins

How did Augustus increase trade? (Reason #1)

Freed the Mediterranean Sea of piracy

How did Augustus increase trade? (Reason #2)

Made Greek and Latin universal languages

How did Augustus increase trade? (Reason #3)

Placed qualified men into government positions regardless of social standing

How did Augustus remove corruption? (Reason #1)

Reorganized the provincial government to weed out corruption

How did Augustus remove corruption? (Reason #2)

Placed limits on extravagant living

How did Augustus remove corruption? (Reason #3)

Punished immorality

How did Augustus remove corruption? (Reason #4)

Created police, firefighting, and postal services

How did Augustus build infrastructure? (Reason #1)

Ordered a census

How did Augustus build infrastructure? (Reason #2)

Promoted family life and morality

How did Augustus build infrastructure? (Reason #3)

Cicero

Who was the greatest orator of his day?

Rhetoric

What are the rules of speech and writing known as?

Virgil

Who wrote "Aeneid" and was known as the "Homer of Rome"?

Horace

Who was known as the "Poet of the Augustan Age" and used satire to warn against materialism?

Ovid

Who wrote "Metamorphoses" but was exiled?

Livy

Who wrote a 142-volume history of Rome?

Juvenal

Who used bitter satires to discuss the problems of the empire?

Tacitus

Who wrote "Annals," a book that was pessimistic about the problems of the empire?

Library of Alexandria

Which library in Egypt was the center of Greek learning?

Plutarch

Which Greek biographer wrote about important Greek and Roman leaders?

Galen

Which Greek physician was the medical authority of the MIddle Ages?

Ptolemy

Which Greek astronomer and mathematician came up with the theory of a geocentric universe?

August 24, AD 79

When did Mount Vesuvius erupt? Include the month, day, and year.

Portrait busts and relief sculptures

Which two art styles did the Romans excel in?

Arches and vaults

What did the Romans use to enclose large spaces with domes?

Aqueducts

What bridges delivered water to cities from larger reservoirs?

Colosseum

Which amphitheater took around ten years to build and was originally named the Flavian Amphitheater?

Actors

Who were the unwilling participants in the Colosseum?

Epicureanism

Which philosophy avoids fear and pain throughout life?

There is nothing to fear in god.

What was the first main principle of Epicureanism?

There is nothing to fear in death.

What was the second main principle of Epicureanism?

Good is easily obtained.

What was the third main principle of Epicureanism?

Evil is easily endured.

What was the fourth main principle of Epicureanism?

Stoicism

Which philosophy was founded by Zeno?

Seneca

Who tutored Nero and believed that Stoicism was the solution to Rome's problems?

Pursue courage

The highest good any person could do, according to Stoicism, was to _____ _____, have dignity, do your duty, have simplicity, and be in service to others.

Have dignity

The highest good any person could do, according to Stoicism, was to pursue courage, _____ _____, do your duty, have simplicity, and be in service to others.

Do your duty

The highest good any person could do, according to Stoicism, was to pursue courage, have dignity, _____ _____ _____, have simplicity, and be in service to others.

Have simplicity

The highest good any person could do, according to Stoicism, was to pursue courage, have dignity, do your duty, _____ _____, and be in service to others.

Be in service

The highest good any person could do, according to Stoicism, was to pursue courage, have dignity, do your duty, have simplicity, and _____ _____ _____ to others.

Marcus Aurelius

Which devout Stoic was the last emperor of the Pax Romana?

Pontifex maximus

According to Roman emperor worship, who was the only one who knew how to appease the gods?

Greatest priest

What does "pontifex maximus" mean in Roman emperor worship?

Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and the rest of the world

Where did Jesus want his disciples to be witnesses of Him?

They were scared that Rome would punish them.

Why did the Jewish leaders persecute Christians? (Reason #1)

They thought they were losing power.

Why did the Jewish leaders persecute Christians? (Reason #2)

Paul

Which Roman citizen, Jewish leader, and Tarsus citizen persecuted the Christians?

"Haters of humanity"

Because they didn't follow along in Greek and Roman culture, what did the Romans call the Christians?

Nero

Under which emperor did Christian persecution begin?

Dismissed Christian soldiers from the army

What did Diocletian do to Christians during his rule? (#1)

Ordered that Christian churches be destroyed

What did Diocletian do to Christians during his rule? (#2)

Burnt copies of Scripture

What did Diocletian do to Christians during his rule? (#3)

Sacrificed them to pagan gods or killed them

What did Diocletian do to Christians during his rule? (#4)

Constantine

Which Roman emperor claimed to have seen a vision of a cross before battle and made Christianity legal?

AD 313

In what year was the Edict of Milan passed? Include BC or AD.

Restored seized property

What did Constantine do after making Christianity legal? (#1)

Made Sunday a legal holiday

What did Constantine do after making Christianity legal? (#2)

Contributed to new churches

What did Constantine do after making Christianity legal? (#3)

Encouraged the acceptance of Christianity

What did Constantine do after making Christianity legal? (#4)

Arius

Which deacon taught that Christ wasn't God and denied His deity?

AD 325

When was the council of Nicaea formed?

Theodosius I

Who made Christianity the official and exclusive religion of the Rome Empire?

They feared retaliation.

Why did people in Rome convert to Christianity after Theodosius I made it the exclusive religion of Rome? (#1)

It was popular.

Why did people in Rome convert to Christianity after Theodosius I made it the exclusive religion of Rome? (#2)

They truly converted.

Why did people in Rome convert to Christianity after Theodosius I made it the exclusive religion of Rome? (#3)

Monasticism

What is the lifestyle of withdrawing from all worldly cares and practicing strict discipline and religious exercise?

Lots of inefficiency and waste

What contributed to political disorder in the Roman Empire? (#1)

Unstable leadership

What contributed to political disorder in the Roman Empire? (#2)

Corrupted military

What contributed to political disorder in the Roman Empire? (#3)

Political turmoil, assassination, civil war

How did the cycle of political disorder go in Rome?

Depleted treasury

What contributed to Rome's economic troubles? (#1)

Increased taxes

What contributed to Rome's economic troubles? (#2)

Inflation

What contributed to Rome's economic troubles? (#3)

Bureaucrcy

What is a government made up of many departments and a division of unelected officials?

Less silver and gold in coins

What contributed to inflation in the Roman Empire? (#1)

Bartering system

What contributed to inflation in the Roman Empire? (#2)

Augusti

What name was given to Diocletian's co-emperors?

Caesars

What name was given to the each of the augusti's heirs?

Gave the death penalty to those who charged others more than they should

How did Diocletian attempt to bring about economic stability? (#1)

Added gold and silver coins back into the economy

How did Diocletian attempt to bring about economic stability? (#2)

Reformed the tax system

How did Diocletian attempt to bring about economic stability? (#3)

Byzantium

Also known as "New Rome," what capital city was eventually renamed Constantinople?

Roman Empire

What name was given to the western half of the empire after Theodosius I split it?

Byzantine Empire

What name was given to the eastern half of the empire after Theodosius I split it?

Germanic tribes

What name is given to people groups who speak a particular dialect?

Angles, Saxons, Franks, Vandals, and Goths

Name the five Germanic tribes.

Barbarians

What name was given to those who didn't share Greek and Roman culture?

Huns

Which fierce, nomadic tribe was from Asia?

Attila

Who led the Huns?

Visigoths

Which tribe was from Central Europe and crossed the Danube River?

Alaric

Who led the Visigoths?

Battle of Adrianople

In what battle in AD 278 did the Visigoths defeat the Roman army and kill their emperor?

AD 410

When did the Visigoths plunder Rome? Include only the year.