HOSA Human Growth and Development

Sensorimotor stage (age + key idea)

0-2 years; learn through senses; object permanence.

Preoperational stage (age + key idea)

2-7 years; egocentric, pretend play, symbolic thinking.

Concrete Operational stage (age + key idea)

7-11 years; logic, conservation, classify.

Formal Operational stage (age + key idea)

12+; abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning.

Trust vs Mistrust (age + idea)

0-1; trust caregivers.

Autonomy vs Shame (age + idea)

1-3; independence ("I do it!").

Initiative vs Guilt (age + idea)

3-6; exploring, asking "why."

Industry vs Inferiority (age + idea)

6-12; school skills, competence.

Identity vs Role Confusion (age + idea)

12-18; figuring out who you are.

Intimacy vs Isolation (age + idea)

18-40; close relationships.

Generativity vs Stagnation (age + idea)

40-65; work, family, contribution.

Integrity vs Despair (age + idea)

65+; reflecting on life.

Preconventional morality

Do things to avoid punishment or get rewards.

Conventional morality

Follow rules & seek approval (being "good").

Postconventional morality

Personal morals/ethics.

Moro reflex

Startle → arms fling out.

Babinski reflex

Toes fan out when foot stroked.

Rooting reflex

Turn toward cheek touch.

Palmar reflex

Baby grasps finger in hand.

Solitary play

Plays alone.

Parallel play

Side-by-side, no interaction.

Associative play

Share toys, no rules.

Cooperative play

Group play with rules/goals.

1st trimester

Organs form.

2nd trimester

Growth.

3rd trimester

Brain & lungs mature.

Lift head (when?)

2 months.

Roll over (when?)

4-6 months.

Sit (when?)

6 months.

Crawl (when?)

8-9 months.

Walk (when?)

12 months.

Macular degeneration

Loss of central vision.

Cataracts

Cloudy lens.

Glaucoma

High eye pressure → optic nerve damage.

Senile lentigo

Age spots.

Osteoporosis

Weak, brittle bones.

Presbyopia

Age-related farsightedness.

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss.

Family structure affects…

Social, emotional, and behavioral development.

Culture affects…

Values, communication, play, milestones.

Social determinants of health

Income, education, neighborhood.

Safe haven law

Allows surrender of newborn safely.

Concrete Operational age?

7-11.

Teen Erikson stage?

Identity vs Role Confusion.

Reflex with toes fanning?

Babinski.

Play with shared rules?

Cooperative.

Vision: central loss?

Macular degeneration.

Moral stage: avoid punishment?

Preconventional.

Baby sits at?

6 months.