Unit 3: Key Events in Early 19th Century American History

President Adams

Barely wins election; Jefferson becomes Vice President.

Jay Treaty

Unpopular treaty to maintain peace with Britain.

XYZ Affair

Public views Jay Treaty as American weakness.

Quasi-War

Small naval conflict with France in 1798.

Alien/Sedition Acts

Laws limiting French immigration and press freedom.

Virginia/Kentucky Resolution

Jefferson nullifies Alien and Sedition Acts.

1800 Revolution

Democratic-Republicans gain majority; peaceful power transition.

Judicial Review

Established by Marbury vs Madison; courts declare laws unconstitutional.

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson acquires land from France in 1803.

War of 1812

Conflict due to British impressment of American sailors.

Tecumseh's War

Native tribes ally with British against American expansion.

Hartford Convention

Federalists propose secession; leads to party decline.

Market Revolution

Economic shift due to Jefferson's embargo act.

Erie Canal

Facilitated internal trade; highlighted sectionalism.

Monroe Doctrine

Proclaimed US territory off-limits to European colonization.

Election of 1824

Jackson forms Democratic Party; Adams wins with Clay's support.

Henry Clay

Federalist known as 'The Great Compromiser'.

Daniel Webster

Federalist leader; later becomes a Whig.

Indian Removal Act

Allowed forced relocation of Native Americans.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans to Oklahoma.

Manifest Destiny

Justification for westward expansion of the US.

Hudson River School

Art movement emphasizing romanticism in landscapes.

Transcendentalism

Philosophical movement opposing rationalism; led by Emerson.

Henry David Thoreau

Advocated civil disobedience; wrote 'Walden'.

Andrew Jackson

Populist president; defeated Adams after 'corrupt bargain'.

Protective Tariffs

Taxes imposed on imports to protect domestic industries.

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina attempts to nullify federal tariffs.

Missouri Compromise

Established free and slave state boundaries.

Nat Turner Rebellion

Slave uprising leading to stricter laws.

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slave; conductor on the Underground Railroad.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist journalist; founded 'The Liberator'.

Annexation of Oregon

Dispute over territory settled by Treaty of Oregon.

Temperance Movement

Advocated for the regulation or abolition of alcohol.