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Aristotle
Ancient philosopher whose ideas were relied upon by medieval scientists.
Scientific Method
A systematic approach to scientific research involving observation, experimentation, and hypothesis testing.
Francis Bacon
English philosopher who developed the scientific method and promoted inductive reasoning and empiricism.
Inductive Reasoning
Moving from specific observations to general conclusions.
Renaissance Humanism
Scholars learned Greek and Latin, enabling them to read ancient texts that challenged accepted ideas.
Telescope
An invention that allowed for new astronomical discoveries.
Empiricism
The idea that knowledge comes from observation and experience.
Natural Philosophers
Medieval scientists who relied on ancient authorities rather than observations.
Microscope
An invention that made detailed scientific observations possible.
Rediscovery of Ancient Mathematics
Led to advances in navigation, military science, and geography.
Printing Press
Helped spread new scientific ideas quickly.
Hypothesis
A possible explanation for natural events that is tested through experiments.
Note 
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