Studied by 2 people
what is the kinetic particle theory
the kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant random motion.
describe the arrangement of particles in a solid
particles of a solid are very closely packed in an orderly manner.
hence, they vibrate about their fixed positions and have very low kinetic energy.
the particles experience strong attractive forces, so a lot of energy is needed to break up the regular arrangement
hence, a solid has a definite volume shape
describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid
particles are closely packed in a disorderly manner
there are less strong attractive forces between particles
particles slide past one another in freely
hence, they have no definite shape but a definite shape
describe the arrangement of particles in a gas
particles are very far apart in a disorderly manner
they have very weak attractive forces
and the particles can move quickly and randomly, in any direction
hence, it has no definite shape and volume
describe how the movement and arrangement of particles change when a substance is melting
particles are very closely packed together in an orderly manner manner and can only vibrate about their fixed positions
as the substances gains heat, heat energy is converted to kinetic energy of the particles
the particles vibrate faster about their fixed positions
the particles eventually overcome the strong forces of attraction in the solid state at its melting point and the orderly arrangement of the particles is disrupted
the particles then are able to slide past one another freely and are now closely packed in a disorderly manner, and the substance has converted from the solid to liquid state
describe how the movement and arrangement of particles change when a substance is freezing
as the substance loses heat, kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy, which is transferred to the surroundings
with less kinetic energy, the particles slow down
the particles with less energy are drawn closer together by the strong forces of attraction between them
the particle arrangement becomes more orderly and the substances converts from the liquid state to the solid state
describe the movement and change in arrangement of particles when a substance is evaporating
as the substance gains heat, thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy of the particles
particles gain speed and kinetic energy and slide past each other faster
particles with increased energy can overcome the forces of attraction in the liquid state
the particles move further apart, quickly and randomly
the substance has converted from the liquid to gaseous state and the particles now move quickly and randomly in all directions
describe the movement and arrangement of particles when a substance is melting
as the substance loses heat, kinetic energy of the substance is converted to thermal energy which is transferred to the surroundings
with less kinetic energy, the particles slow down
the particles with less energy are drawn closer by the forces of attraction between them.
the arrangement of the particles becomes less disorderly and particles can slide past each other freely as the state of the substances changes from gas to liquid as it condenses
what is the opposite of sublimation
vapour deposition
what are some conditions that affect the rate of diffusion
temperature - particles have more kinetic energy at higher temperatures
particle mass - particles with a greater mass will require more kinetic energy to move at a given speed
