HI 102 midterm study set PCC 낱말 카드 | Quizlet

Immanuel Kant

Came up with the enlightenment, later in life Critique of pure reason (Nomenal:thing-in-itself(e.g. religion=fantasy)Phenomenal:Senses(e.g. facts=science))

Categorical Imperative

"act according to a rule you want everyone else to do", Immanuel Kant

Empiricism

Truth through experience, John Locke

Voltaire

"Father of the enlightenment"

Deism

God created the universe but is not involved, God is a clock-winder

Rousseau

Most important idea is the General Will (the Social Contract, community before individual), known as the "father of French Romanticism"

Philip Spencer

Hosted assemblies of Piety/Bible studies (Pietism)

Enlightened Despotism

Monarchs agree with philosophs but want to remain in power (e.g. Prussia-Fredrick II, Austria-Joseph II,Russia-Catherine the Great,...)

The Hanoverians

From Germany, came into power after the death of the Stuarts, Monarch include George I, George III and so forth

Robert Walpole

First prime minister of England, needed because the Hanoverians could not speak English

French and Indian War

In North America, part of the 7 years war

The Ancien Regime

Social Structure of pre-Revolution France

Boston tea party

was a direct result of the tea act

Stamp Act

1st direct tax on goods made in America

What was the Direct Cause of the French Revolution

Collapse of finances

Tennis Court Oath

Third estate of general assembly said they would not adjourn until they came up with a new constitution

Storming of the Bastille

Marks beginning of French Revolution

Civil COnstitution of the Clergy

Catholic Church is now under the state in France, Church land is sold to try to make money

Who crowned Napoleon?

Napoleon crowned himself

Battle of Trafalgar

Napoleon faced Lord Horation Nelson (L.H.N. died during battle)(British Victory), one of the most important naval battles of history

Austerlitz

Napoleon's greatest victory, gave him control of Europe (siblings on throne-"nepotism at its finest")

Battle of Leipzig

"Battle of Nations", One of the most severe battle's of Napolianic Wars

Elba

First island Napoleon was exiled to

Waterloo

Duke of Wellington opposes Napoleon after Hundred Days, failure for Napoleon

Saint Helena

2nd island Napoleon is exiled to, he died there from poisoning

Olive Branch Petition

Was meant for peace with Britain from the colonies

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

Philadelphia Convention

The purpose was to revise the Articles of Confederation, ended up writing a new constitution

What are common convictions of the delegates of the Philadelphia convention?

Strong Centrual Gov & maintain state sovereignty, Democracy = Bad

New Jersey Plan

Wanted equal representation

Checks and Balances

Sovereignty can reside in multiple places

What was needed for ratification of the constitution?

9/13 states needed

Four Principals of the Constitution

1. Seperation of powers - to reduce tyranny

2. Federalism - enhances liberty

3. Checks + Balances - to ensure cooperation

4. Bill of Rights - To list God Given Natural RIghts of the people (Patrick Henry influential)

Congress Powers

Declare War, pass laws and collect taxes

Is there seperation of CHruch and State?

No, impossible to have justice without church

2nd amendment

"The right to keep and bear arms"

Origins of Industrial Revolution?

Protestant work ethic and agricultural revolution

Jethro Tull

Invented the seed drill, "plow that broke the prairies"

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the mechanical reaper, gave owners manuals,"father of customer service"

Enclosure Movement

Authority to privatize commen land, Pros: more agricultural development/Cons:Hurt poor farmers

Factory System

Manufacturing that centralized production

Which industry is the first to modernize?

Textile Industry

James Hargreaves

invented the spinning jenny

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin (invention increases the demand for slavery)

Canals

Cheaper way to transport goods by land

Karl Benz

first true automobile

Adam Smith

Weath of Nations, "Father of modern Economics"

Marie Currie

discovered radioactivity, died to radiation poisoning

Edward Jenner

Smallpox vaccine

John Pierport Morgan

US steel corp, also a banking name (J.P. Morgan)

Robert Peel

British PM, Bobbie's (police officers)

Prince Albert

"Prince Consort", married to Queen Victoria (after his death will be known as the "Widow of Windsor")

Joseph Paxton

Made the Crystal Palace

Reform Bill

Extended suffrage (1/6th of men could vote now), redistribution of seats

Chartism

Chartists, working class activists that were unhappy with the limited effect of Reform bill, supported the people's charter

William Gladstone

"The Grand Old Man"

Benjamin Disraeli

First Jewish prime minister

Charles Haddon Spurgeon

"The Prince of Preachers"

J. Hudson Taylor

China Inland Missions

George Muller

Ran an orphanage purely by faith

William Booth

founded the Salvation Army

Lord Ashly

Child Labor reform (limited hours and age of workers)

Florence Nightingale

"The Lady with a lamp", why nurses are respected profession

C.T. Studd

"Chricketer for Christ"

Zong Trial

Slave ship killed 122 (push needed for abolition of slavery), Judge was William Murray

Sepoy Rebellion

Happend because Hinduist (in India) refused to use new rifles because of cow fat on ammunition

India Act

India is now part of the crown

William Carey

"Father of Modern Missions"

David Livingstone

discovered Victoria Falls

Mary Slessor

"Queen of Clalbar"

19th century

When missions to Africa was prominent

Lott Carey

missionary to Liberia

Cecil Rhodes

Globalist, Cape to Cario/caused Boar wars

2nd Boar War

British Ran concentration Camps

Australia

Was a penal colony for the British

Act of Union

England and Ireland become one nation

Potato Famine

Caused Irish citizens to immigrate to America

Charles Darwin

"Origin of Species"

Power of Ideas

1. Explains way to present

2.Evaluates Past

3.Helps you understand your place in present

4.Provides a program to change the present

G.W.F. Hegel

Change is universal, not random (progressive), Dialectic Thinking (thesis vs Antithesis. Leads to Synthesis = new thesis (never ending cycle)), belived perfection was the state (god on earth) and laws of state were true freedom

Fredrick Schleirmacher

Father of theological liberalism (religion based on personal experience rather than tradition), ideas saturate schools and travel to different countries

Why is German Philosophy/Liberal Christianity dangerous?

Kant= man can not have objective knowledge of God

Hegel=beliefs, or religion changes - there are no absolute truths

Scheirmacher=personal experience over doctrinal truths

Congress of Vienna

first modern peace conference, Important figures -Czar Alexander I(Russia)-Lord Castlereagh(England)-Comte de Tallyland(France)-Prince Klemens von Metternich(Austria)

Prince Klemens von Metternich

Austria, has spy's everywhere, Age of Metternich (reinstate monarchies-put them back on throne after Napoleon, encircle France-buffer states, compensate land loss-pre Napoleonic boarder,establish balance of power)

Edmund Burke

Father of Modern Conservatism (maintain tradition-community, not a revolution of change-sudden change)

Joseph de Maistre

Opposes countries with written constitution

Quadruple Alliance (P.E.A.R)

Prussia, England, Austria, Russia

Quintuple Alliance (P.E.A.R. + France)

Prussia, England, Austria, Russia, and France (after Louis XIII)

Holy Alliance (P.A.R)

Prussia, Austria, Russia - goal was to promote Christian principles (moral principals) + maintain order

Principal of Intervention

use force to maintain status quo, stop revolutions, goal of Metternich age

Simon Bolivar

The liberator, helped Latin America countries receive independence.

Latin America countries who gained independence...

Mexico (don't owe allegiance to Spain anymore), Chile

Monroe Doctorine

Forgiven policy that made the western hemisphere off limits (Britain supported it)

Treat of Adrianople

Greek independence (supported by Russia)

Charles X

tried to reinstate absolute monarchy in France, caused revolutions (July Revolution - Three Glorious Days(Les Mes is based off of these revolutions!))

Louis Philippe

"Citizen King" of France, King of the French, if you were working class life is miserable

Belgium

French buffer state declares independence, king elected was Leopold I (married to Louise daughter is "Charlotte of Mexico"-tragic death of husband)

Poland

Buffer state to France that was under Russia declares independence

Second Republic of France

National Workshops (channeling profits to workers instead of wealthy-problem was that the workers were paying taxes and not the wealthy), Result was June Days(made up of the socialist and working force-10,000 killed),(Congress was short-term success but could not quell Revolutionary Nationalism)

Louis Napoleon

President, declared himself Napoleon III when he dissolved congress that elected him,Sacrificed ideals of a republic, Achilles heel-forgin policy, Authoritarian