Procedures 1 & Image Analysis 1 FINAL

AP stress studies

Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversion injury?

AP and lateral

AP and both obliques

AP stress studies

AP, lateral, and both obliques

First metatarsophalangeal joint

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

First metatarsophalangeal joint

Proximal interphalangeal joint of first digit

Distal interphalangeal joint of first digit

Interphalangeal joint of first digit

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection?

1. Epicondyles perpendicular to the IR

2. Patella perpendicular to the IR

3. Leg flexed 20 to 30 degrees

full inspiration

To elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection, the phase of respiration should be:

full inspiration

full expiration

shallow breathing

suspended respiration

AP oblique knee with medial rotation

What projection is demonstrated in the image below?

AP oblique knee with medial rotation

AP knee

AP oblique knee with lateral rotation

PA knee

Mortise joint

What anatomy is labeled as letter E in the image below?

Sinus tarsi

Tibiotalar joint

Mortise joint

Medial malleolus

Tibiotalar joint

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

Tibiotalar joint

Tibiofibular joint

Sinus tarsi

Tibiocalcaneal joint

Perpendicular

What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the hip?

15 degrees

20 degrees

15 to 20 degrees

Perpendicular

sacroiliac joint

The ilia articulate with the sacrum posteriorly at the:

hip joint

pubic symphysis

sacroiliac joint

lumbar-5 and sacral-1 area

Apex of the left lung

Refer to the image below. Identify the anatomy marked as #1.

Heart

Left costophrenic angle

Right costophrenic angle

Apex of the left lung

35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder joint?

20 degrees toward the affected side

20 degrees away from the affected side

35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side

35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

Expiration

What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal exam?

Inspiration

Expiration

Suspended respiration

Slow, deep breathing

inferosuperior axial (Lawrence)

The projection of the shoulder demonstrated in the figure above is the:

axiolateral

inferosuperior axial (Lawrence)

transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)

acromioclavicular (Pearson)

Lunate

Which bone is labeled as letter E in the figure above?

Capitate

Scaphoid

Triquetrum

Lunate

obturator foramen

The area of anatomy indicated on the figure above is the:

pubis

ischium

acetabulum

obturator foramen

ankle joint, midway between the malleoli

For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

talus

subtalar joint

talofibular joint

ankle joint, midway between the malleoli

Bilateral AP weight-bearing

Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a joint space?

AP

AP oblique

Lateral

Bilateral AP weight-bearing

Greater trochanters

Which of the following will be shown "in profile" if the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis?

Lesser trochanters

Greater trochanters

Anterior superior iliac spines

Anterior inferior iliac spines

Adductor tubercle

Which anatomic part must be identified on lateral radiographs of the knee in order to identify over- or under-rotation?

Adductor tubercle

Lateral condyle

Medial condyle

An open patellofemoral joint space

0 degrees

The central ray for an AP oblique projection of the foot is:

0 degrees

5 degrees posteriorly

10 degrees posteriorly

15 degrees posteriorly

Back of hand against the thigh

Which position of the hand will place the humerus in internal rotation?

Prone

Supine

Palm against the thigh

Back of hand against the thigh

15 to 30

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is _____ degrees.

15

25

15 to 25

15 to 30

peritoneal cavity

The space between the two layers of peritoneum is called the:

pleural cavity

peritoneal cavity

diaphragm

abdominopelvic cavity

acromioclavicular articulations

The Pearson method is an AP projection of the:

shoulder joint

proximal humerus

scapulohumeral joint

acromioclavicular articulations

C

The scaphoid in the figure above is labeled as letter:

A

B

C

H

Abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed

How is the arm positioned for an AP scapula?

Abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed

Abducted 90 degrees, forearm extended

Adducted, lateral rotation

Adducted, medial rotation

Greater tubercle

Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in external rotation?

Lesser tubercle

Greater tubercle

Scapulohumeral joint

Acromioclavicular joint

Capitulum

What anatomy is labeled as letter D in the image below?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Capitulum

Trochlea

Coronoid process of ulna

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

Capitulum

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Trochlea

Coronoid process of ulna

An AP of the knee and proximal leg

What is needed to complete the projection of the lower leg in the image below?

Nothing. This is a complete projection.

An AP of the knee and proximal leg

An AP of the ankle and distal leg

A lateral projection of the knee

ASIS

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

Iliac crest

Ala of ilium

ASIS

AIIS

Acetabulum

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

Acetabulum

Femoral head

Femoral neck

Greater trochanter

1 inch distal to the medial malleolus

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the calcaneus?

1 inch distal to the medial malleolus

2 inches distal to the medial malleolus

1 inch posterior to the medial malleolus

2 inches posterior to the medial malleolus

Navicular

What anatomy is labeled as letter E in the image below?

Sinus tarsi

Sustentaculum tali

Navicular

Tibiotalar joint

30

For an AP oblique projection of the foot with medial rotation, the plantar surface of the foot should form an angle of _____ degrees.

15

30

45

60

45-degree medial rotation

What lower limb position is required to obtain the image below?

Anatomic position

45-degree medial rotation

45-degree lateral rotation

Tibial epicondyles perpendicular to IR

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:

0 degrees

3 to 5 degrees cephalad

dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

Through the patellofemoral joint space

Where is the central ray directed for the tangential projection (Settegast method) of the patella?

Through the patellofemoral joint space

To the anterior aspect of the patella

At the level of the femoral condyles

To the apex of the patella

1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis

Where is the central ray directed for the AP oblique projection (modified Cleaves) of the femoral necks?

At the pubic symphysis

1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis

1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

The lower limbs were not internally rotated.

What positioning error is evident in the image below?

None. This image meets all evaluation criteria for this projection.

The lower limbs were not internally rotated.

The lower limbs were not externally rotated.

The knees were not flexed to reduce lordotic curve.

30 to 45

How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the toes in medial rotation?

10 to 15

20 to 25

40 to 60

30 to 45

In dorsiflexion

To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?

In dorsiflexion

In plantar flexion

On a 10-degree angle wedge

On a 15-degree angle wedge

1 and 2

Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?

1. Perpendicular to the IR

2. Perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck

3. Perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

15

How many degrees of angulation are required to open the IP joint spaces of the toes on an AP projection?

0

10

15

20

Osgood-Schlatter disease

The incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity is known as:

osteosarcoma

osteomalacia

Paget's disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Navicular

Which tarsal bone lies directly anterior to the talus?

Cuboid

Navicular

Correct answer

Medial cuneiform

Lateral cuneiform

40 degrees

What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?

25 degrees

30 degrees

35 degrees

40 degrees

Axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)

What projection (method) is demonstrated in the image below?

AP oblique (modified Cleaves)

Mediolateral (Lauenstein)

Axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)

AP oblique (Judet)

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?

1/2 inch above the patellar apex

1 inch above the patellar apex

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

1 inch below the patellar apex

Tibiofibular articulation

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial rotation?

Distal fibula

Tibiotalar articulation

Patellofemoral joint space

Tibiofibular articulation

femur

The strongest bone in the body is the:

femur

pelvis

skull

humerus

1, 2, and 3

The hip bone is composed of which of the following?

1. Ilium

2. Pubis

3. Ischium

Camp-Coventry (intercondylar fossa)

The patient position and central-ray method demonstrated in the figure above is the:

Holmblad (intercondylar fossa)

Camp-Coventry (intercondylar fossa)

Settegast (patellofemoral joint)

Hughston (patellofemoral joint)

15 to 20

Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller). How many degrees of rotation are required?

10

15

20

15 to 20

2 and 3

Which of the following best describes the female pelvis?

1. Heavy bones

2. Oval inlet

3. Wide outlet

Fibula

Which of the following bones does not bear body weight?

Tibia

Fibula

Navicular

Calcaneus

Plantodorsal axial calcaneus

What is the projection and anatomy of interest in the image below?

AP axial calcaneus

AP calcaneus

Plantodorsal axial calcaneus

Superoinferior axial calcaneus

5 to 7 degrees cephalic

What is the central-ray direction needed to produce the image below?

Perpendicular

3 to 5 degrees cephalic

5 to 7 degrees cephalic

10 degrees cephalic

Lateral malleolus

What anatomy is labeled with the letter B in the image below?

Lateral malleolus

Medial malleolus

Talus

Tibiotalar joint

40

If the knee is flexed 40 degrees for the PA axial intercondylar fossa (Camp-Coventry) projection, the central ray will be angled _____ degrees.

0

40

50

40 to 50

cuboid

Letter H in the image below labels the:

navicular

cuboid

talus

lateral cuneiform

Modified Cleaves

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the femoral necks in the AP oblique projection?

Original Cleaves

Modified Cleaves

Danelius-Miller

Lauenstein, Hickey

0 degrees

The central-ray angle for an AP, bilateral weight-bearing knee is:

0 degrees

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

5 to 7 degrees caudad

dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following positions can be used to perform the tangential projection (Settegast method) of the patella?

1. Seated

2. Supine

3. Prone

Lauenstein, Hickey

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral projection?

Cleaves

Modified Cleaves

Danelius-Miller

Lauenstein, Hickey

Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis?

Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

At the level of the ASIS

At the level of the pubic symphysis

2 inches below the iliac crest

Proximal tibiofibular joint

What anatomy is labeled with the letter B in the image below?

Lateral femoral condyle

Lateral tibial condyle

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Tibial tuberosity

1 and 2

Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?

1. Parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck

2. Its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest

3. Perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

anterior superior

The part identified on the ilium shown in the figure above is the _____ iliac spine.

anterior superior

posterior superior

anterior inferior

posterior inferior

45

For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated _____ degrees.

25

30

45

30 to 40

Lesser trochanter

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

Acetabulum

Femoral head

Lesser trochanter

Iliac crest

tibial tuberosity

On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the:

body

anterior border

tibial tuberosity

intercondylar eminence

intertrochanteric crest

The area identified on the bone shown in the figure above is the:

posterior inferior spine

lesser trochanter

greater trochanter

intertrochanteric crest

Talus

What anatomy is labeled as letter D in the image below?

Tibia

Fibula

Talus

Calcaneus

Prone

In which position is the patient placed for a PA projection of the patella?

Supine

Prone

Lateral

Upright

20 to 30 degrees

How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?

10 degrees

45 degrees

10 to 20 degrees

20 to 30 degrees

Sinus tarsi

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

Sinus tarsi

Sustentaculum tali

Navicular

Tibiotalar joint

third

For an AP projection of the toes, the central ray is directed to the _____ MTP joint.

first

second

third

fourth

AP oblique in medial rotation

Which of the following will clearly demonstrate the cuboid?

AP

Lateral

AP oblique in lateral rotation

AP oblique in medial rotation

Danelius-Miller

Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?

Chassard-Lapiné

Modified Cleaves

Danelius-Miller

Lauenstein, Hickey

15 to 20

To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?

10

25

45

15 to 20

AP oblique, medial rotation

Which projection of the foot will show the cuboid in profile?

AP

Lateral

AP oblique, lateral rotation

AP oblique, medial rotation

2; superior

The central ray for an AP pelvis is directed perpendicular to the center of the IR. The central-ray entrance point will be about _____ inches _____ to the pubic symphysis.

2; superior

3; superior

2; inferior

3; inferior

base of the third metatarsal

For a lateral projection of the foot, the central ray is directed to the:

head of the third metatarsal

base of the third metatarsal

tibiotalar joint

navicular

Anterior superior iliac spine

Which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point?

Acetabulum

Ischial spine

Anterior superior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine

intercondylar fossa

Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the:

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popliteal surface

intercondylar eminence

patellar surface

intercondylar fossa

tibial plateaus

The two flat, superior surfaces of the tibia are called the:

tubercles

malleoli

condyles

tibial plateaus

15 to 20

The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at an approximate angle of _____ degrees.

15

20

15 to 20

20 to 25

Ankle mortise

Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?

Tibiotalar

Lateral malleoli

Ankle mortise

Tibiofibular overlapping

Lateral femoral condyle

What anatomy is labeled A in the image below?

Lateral tibial condyle

Patella

Lateral femoral condyle

Medial femoral condyle

90 degrees from the plane of the IR

For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is:

parallel with the central ray

perpendicular to the central ray

70 degrees from the plane of the IR

90 degrees from the plane of the IR

suspended respiration

The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller) is:

inspiration

expiration

suspended respiration

shallow breathing

15 to 20 degrees

How many degrees should the feet and lower limbs be internally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph?

5 to 10 degrees

15 to 20 degrees

20 to 30 degrees

25 to 30 degrees

45 degrees

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position, the epicondyles of the humerus should be _____ with the plane of the IR.

parallel

perpendicular

45 degrees

60 degrees

scapulohumeral

The articulation between the glenoid cavity and head of the humerus is called the _____ joint.

synovial

spheroidal

acromioclavicular

scapulohumeral

Proximal IP joint

What anatomy of the third digit is labeled as letter D in the figure above?

Distal IP joint

Proximal IP joint

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Carpometacarpal joint

1; coracoid process

For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter _____ inch(es) inferior to the _____.

1; coracoid process

1; acromion

2; coracoid process

2; acromion

Supine

Which position of the hand will place the humerus in external rotation?

Prone

Supine

Palm against the thigh

Back of the hand against the thigh

parallel to the IR

For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are:

perpendicular to the IR.

parallel to the IR

superimposed over each other.

not clearly seen.

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following organs lie in the abdominal cavity?

1. Stomach

2. Gallbladder

3. Kidneys

1 and 2

1 and 3

2 and 3

1, 2, and 3