Titchner
Structuralism: thoughts should be broken down into elemental structures
James
Functionalism: behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to their environment
Freud
Psychoanalysis: emphasized unconscious conflict in determining behavior
Watson
Behaviorism: psychology should be focused on observational behaviors; stimulus and response
Humanistic
Rogers: emphasized self-determination and free will
Solomon Asch
conformity; experiment abt questions
Milgram
tested how far a person can be pressured into committing an immoral act
Pavlov
classical conditioning; dog experiment
Gracia
taste aversion; rat experiment
B.F. Skinner
operant conditioning
Premack
engaging in a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity
Ebbinghaus
The forgetting curve; exponential loss of information shortly after learning it
Loftus
memory can be altered due to misleading information
Noam Chomsky
language development in children
Benjamin Whorf
a persons language shapes their culture
Maslow
hierarchy of needs: PSBES
Ekman
study of emotions via facial expressions
Hans Seyle
General Adaptation Syndrome (alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage)
Rotter
Internal Locus of control (one accepts responsibility for their own achievements); External Locus of control (one believes achievements are based off chance)
Paul Costa/Rober McCrae
Five-Factor Theory of Personality (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)
Mary Ainsworth
attachment theory (children with caregivers)
Harlow
physical touch plays a key role in child development; monkey research
Jean Piaget
children undergo changes as they grow
Spearmen
intelligence has two components: general intelligence “g” and specific ability “s”
Binet
father of IQ testing (maternal age/chronological age x 100)
Terman
publisher of the Standford-Binet test
Weschler
intelligence is an effect rather than a cause
Ellis
feelings are produced by the irrational beliefs
Aaron Beck
Cognitive therapy
Mary Cover Jones
mother of behavior therapy
Wolpe
Systematic Desensitization: used classical conditioning to reduce anxiety