AP PSYCH REVIEW

Titchner

Structuralism: thoughts should be broken down into elemental structures

James

Functionalism: behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to their environment

Freud

Psychoanalysis: emphasized unconscious conflict in determining behavior

Watson

Behaviorism: psychology should be focused on observational behaviors; stimulus and response

Humanistic

Rogers: emphasized self-determination and free will

Solomon Asch

conformity; experiment abt questions

Milgram

tested how far a person can be pressured into committing an immoral act

Pavlov

classical conditioning; dog experiment

Gracia

taste aversion; rat experiment

B.F. Skinner

operant conditioning

Premack

engaging in a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity

Ebbinghaus

The forgetting curve; exponential loss of information shortly after learning it

Loftus

memory can be altered due to misleading information

Noam Chomsky

language development in children

Benjamin Whorf

a persons language shapes their culture

Maslow

hierarchy of needs: PSBES

Ekman

study of emotions via facial expressions

Hans Seyle

General Adaptation Syndrome (alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage)

Rotter

Internal Locus of control (one accepts responsibility for their own achievements); External Locus of control (one believes achievements are based off chance)

Paul Costa/Rober McCrae

Five-Factor Theory of Personality (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)

Mary Ainsworth

attachment theory (children with caregivers)

Harlow

physical touch plays a key role in child development; monkey research

Jean Piaget

children undergo changes as they grow

Spearmen

intelligence has two components: general intelligence “g” and specific ability “s”

Binet

father of IQ testing (maternal age/chronological age x 100)

Terman

publisher of the Standford-Binet test

Weschler

intelligence is an effect rather than a cause

Ellis

feelings are produced by the irrational beliefs

Aaron Beck

Cognitive therapy

Mary Cover Jones

mother of behavior therapy

Wolpe

Systematic Desensitization: used classical conditioning to reduce anxiety