Lactation

What is the Puerperium?

postpartum period - uterus goes from pregnant to nonpregnant state

What are the four steps in Puerperium?

Myometral contractions - uterine shrinkage

Endometrial repair

Resumption of cycling

Elimination of opportunistic bacterial infections

Why is there economic benefit to shortening the Puerperium?

Increase breeding

Increase pregnancy more milk production/ life time

Why do we not have an estrus at first ovulation post partum?

Repriming of estrogen in silent ovulation

Why does nursing sometimes delay estrus?

Prolactin negative feedback on HPG

Cows will see a _____ during early lactation?

Negative energy balance

Mammary glands are sophisticated ____?

Sweat glands

How will mammary glands grow postnatally?

Isometric expansion - CT and fat

How will mammary glands grow at puberty?

Expansion of lobular alveolar growth

How does mammary glands grow at pregnancy?

Expansion of tubular alveolar growth

What is the parenchyma?

Milk secreting cells

Parturition will ____ lactation and the second birth will _____.

Increase lactation,

Further increase and lengthen production of milk

Where will most milk storage take place?

Alveoli system wont be expressed until myometrium contracts

The cow has ___ duct per teat?

1 ducts

The mare will have ____ ducts per teat?

2 ducts

The bitch and queen will have _____ ducts per teat?

5-6 ducts

What is lactogenesis?

Converted non-secretory state to secretory state

What is prenatal cytologic differentiation of mammary glands driven by?

Estrogen and prolactin

What is postnatal secretion of milk controlled by?

Withdraw of progesterone, independent of suckling

What is glactopoiesis and what does it depend on?

Maintenance of lactation via suckling

What is involution?

Return to non-secretory state based on supply and demand

Colostrum is going to be heavy in what?

Proteins fats and vitamins Immunoglobin IFG1 and lactoferrin

What is lower in the colostrum?

Lower lactose (sugar) and Vitamin B

What is going to account for colostrum's orange color?

B-carotene

What will lactose break down into?

Glucose and Galactose

What is going to break down Lactose?

Lactase

With the suckling of an infant what is going to occur?

Prolactin stimulus will inhibit dopamine, stimulate vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Explain milk let down?

Suckling/milking signals paraventricular nucleus to release oxytocin causing myoepithelial cells to contract and move the milk into the cistern ducts

Prolactin will ____ milk, Oxytocin will ___ milk?

Produce;

Release

What does insufficient removal of milk cause?

Pressure atrophy leading to involution

What is active involution?

after 1-2 days of increased pressure inhibiting milk secretion

What is steady state involution?

Sustained period of inhibited milk synthesis - until next birth