Lecture 10: Visceral Innervation of the Head

Brainstem VE (parasympathetic) cranial nerve nuclei

Brainstem VE (parasympathetic) cranial nerve nuclei

Brainstem VE (parasympathetic) cranial nerve nuclei

Mydriasis

Pupils that are fixed and dilated

Oculomotor nerves are compressed, often as a result of intracranial hemorrhaging

Parasympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Eye

Sympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Eye

Autonomic Innervation of the Parotid Gland

Parasympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Parotid Gland

Sympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Parotid Gland

Autonomic Innervation of the Submandibular & Sublingual Glands

Parasympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Submandibular & Sublingual Glands

Sympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Submandibular & Sublingual Glands

Autonomic Innervation of the Mucosa of the

Nasal Cavity and Palate

Parasympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Mucosa of the Nasal Cavity and Palate

Sympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Mucosa of the Nasal Cavity and Palate

Parasympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Lacrimal Gland

Sympathetic Autonomic Innervation of the Lacrimal Gland

Bell palsy

Disorder of CN VII: idiopathic form thought to be viral infection or autoimmune disorder

Ipsilateral facial paralysis

Ipsilateral hyperacusis (hypersensitivity to sound due to denervation of stapedius muscle)

Ipsilateral loss of lacrimation and loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue on affected side

Horner syndrome

Interruption of the sympathetic pathway to the head

Signs/symptoms (ipsilateral)

Ptosis (drooping eyelid)

Miosis (constricted pupil)

Anhidrosis (lack of sweating)

Flushing of face (loss of vascular tone)

Interruption of the sympathetic pathway to the head can occur at multiple locations:

Hypothalamospinal tract

Spinal cord

Sympathetic chain

Superior cervical ganglion

Internal carotid plexus