Renal Physiology and Hormonal Regulation

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to renal physiology and hormonal regulation in the kidney.

Vasa Recta

A capillary bed that feeds the renal medulla and monitors the Loop of Henle indirectly.

Distal Convoluted Tubule

A segment of the nephron composed of simple cuboidal epithelial cells, which plays a role in the regulation of ions like Na, K+, and Mg.

Transport Maximum

The maximum amount of transport of a substance in a certain location, per unit of time.

Countercurrent Multiplier

A mechanism that requires the medulla to be hypertonic for the Loop of Henle to function effectively.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hormone produced by hypothalamic neurons, secreted by axon terminals in the posterior pituitary, targeting principal cells to express aquaporins.

Principal Cells

Cells located in the distal convoluted tubule that respond to hormones, aiding in potassium secretion and sodium reabsorption.

Intercalated Cells

Cells in the distal convoluted tubule involved in acid-base balance by reabsorbing protons (H+) or secreting bicarbonate.

Aldosterone

A hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption in principal cells, affecting water retention due to osmotic effects.

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

A peptide hormone released by atrial myocardial cells that acts as an aldosterone antagonist, promoting sodium secretion.