HP 1420 Lab: Exam 2

Flexion

Name the angular movements

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

What is the blue?

Dorsiflexion

What is the red?

Plantar flexion

What is the pink?

Abduction

What is the light blue?

Adduction

Supination

face/palm up

Transverse Scapular Ligament

pronation

face/palm down

What are circular movements?

Supination, pronation, rotation and circumduction

Rotation

turning along long axis

Circumduction

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Inversion

turning plantar surface of foot medially

Circumdiction

What is the red?

lateral rotation

What is the purple?

Medial Rotation

Supination

pronation

Inversion

eversion

Eversion

turning plantar surface of foot laterally

Protraction

moving a structure anteriorly

Retraction

moving a structure posteriorly

Protraction

Retraction

Protraction

Retraction

Elevation (shoulders)

moving a structure superiorly

Depression (shoulders)

moving a structure inferiorly

Excursion

moving (the mandible) away from midline [lateral excursion] or back towards midline [medial excursion]

Name the two types of fibrous joints.

Sutures and Syndesmosis

Sutures

seams between bones of skull; non-movable

Syndesmosis

bones attached via fibrous tissue; partially movable

What is an example of syndesmosis?

interosseous membranes in forearm/leg

Name the cartilaginous joints

Epiphyseal plate, costal cartilage and symphysis

Epiphyseal Plate

location of long bone growth

Costal Cartilage

between ribs and sternum

Symphysis

fibrocartilage unites two bones

Example of symphysis

in the pelvis

Synovial Joint

allow considerable movement; contain synovial fluid

Name the characteristics of Synovial Joints

Joint capsule, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid and articular cartilage

Fibrous Capsule

Synovial Membrane

Bone

Cartilage

Joint cavity with synovial fluid

Name the types of synovial joints.

Hinge, pivot, ball and socket, condyloid/ellipsoid, saddle and plane

Hinge Joint

Flexion and extension only

Example of Hinge Joint

elbow

Example of Pivot Joint

Ulna and radius

Pivot Joint

permits rotation

Ball and Socket Joint

many motions possible

Example of bone and socket joint

shoulder, hip

Condyloid/Ellipsoid

almost all movements, no rotation

Example of condyloid/ellipsoid joint

wrist

Saddle Joint

All movements and no rotation

Example of Saddle Joint

Carpometacarpal/thumb

Plane Joint

Permits gliding

Example of Plane Joint

Carpals, Tarsals

Ball and Socket Joint

Condyloid Joint

Plane Joint

Saddle Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Name all bone articulations

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrotic and diarthrotic

Synarthrosis

non movable joint

Example of synarthrosis

skull

Amphiarthrotic

slightly movable

Example of Amphiarthrotic articulation

between vertebrae

Example of diarthrotic/synovial

shoulder joint

Diarthrotic/synovial

freely moveable joint

Origin

proximal/more stationary end of a muscle

Insertion

distal/more moveable end of a muscle

Action

the movement accomplished by the muscle when it contracts

Name categories of muscles

prime mover, antagonist, synergist

Synergist

a muscle that assists the agonist in a movement

Antagonist

A muscle that opposes the agonist

Prime Mover/Agonist

a muscle that plays the largest role in a movement

Which muscle tissue has voluntary contraction and is multinucleated?

skeletal

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

involved in movement (eg: posture, facial expression and breathing movements)

Smooth muscle tissue has __________ contraction.

involuntary

What type of contraction is the cardiac muscle tissue?

involuntary contraction

What is the smooth muscle tissue controlled by?

endocrine and autonomic nervous system

Examples of smooth muscle tissue

autorhythmic walls of organs, blood vessels, etc.

Cardiac muscle is ___________ and found only in the __________.

Autorhythmic, heart

Tendons

connect muscle to bone, usually named for the muscle to which they attach

Example of tendon

Biceps Brachii tendon

Coracoacromial ligament

Ligaments

connect bone to bone, usually named for the structures they run between

Trapezoid ligament

Conoid Ligament

Acromioclavicular ligament

Coracoacromial Ligament

Coracohumeral ligament

Glenohumeral ligament

Median Nerve

Palmar carpal ligament

Flexor Retinaculum

Medial Collateral Ligament