Converts light to electrical energy
Photodetector
Holds the sample/solution
Cuvette
Selects a specific wavelength of light
Monochromator
Minimizes Stray light
Entrance slit
Gives light toward the sample
Light Source
It controls the width of light beam (band pass) and allows only a fraction of the spectrum to reach the cuvette.
Exit Slit
A high absorbance means _ concentration
High
This helps you to check if your run in the spectrophotometer is reliable
Control solution
This gives you a source of comparison when it comes to computing for the sample concentration
Standard
Distance of tourniquet from venipuncture site
3 to 4 inches
Tourniquet must be applied for no longer than _
1 minute
To anchor the vein, the skin may be pulled ___ from the puncture site
1 - 2 inches
How long should you apply pressure to prevent further bleeding of the venipuncture site?
3 - 5 minutes
Correct angle of the needle when performing venipuncture
15 to 30 degrees
Law applied in spectrophotometry
Beer’s Law
High light transmittance means _ concentration
Low
Most common vein and first choice used in venipuncture
Median Cubital Vein
This is always the first step in specimen collection
Patient Identification
How long should blood be centrifuged to properly extract the serum?
10 minutes
Most commonly used antiseptic in venipuncture (include the concentration)
70% Isopropyl Alcohol
Recommended venipuncture site (vein) for obese patients
Cephalic Vein
This is the topmost part of the micropipette and is used for volume adjustment and to aspirate and dispense the desired amount of liquid into the tip of the micropipette
Plunger
This is similar to serological pipettes but it has no graduation marks at the tip and is usually a self draining one
Mohr pipette
This type of micropipette works on the air displacement principle. It consists of a piston which aspirates and dispenses liquid samples as the air pocket moves up and down.
Air Displacement Pipette
This type of pipette is designed to hold a particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume
To contain
These pipettes have continuous etched ring located near the top of the pipette wherein the last drop should be expelled into the receiving container
Blowout Pipette
A type of pipette designed to dispense the indicated volume
To deliver
This method is commonly used in calibrating pipettes
Gravimetric
The double rings on the upper end of pipette indicate that the pipette is a blow out pipette and should be blown using a
Serological pipette
These pipettes have no markings and the user allows the contents of the pipette to drain by gravity.
Self - Draining Pipette
In these micropipettes, the piston comes in direct contact of the sample
Positive displacement
Is a widely used instrument to accurately and precisely transfer volumes of liquid in the microliter range
Micropipette
This procedure can cause aerosol formation
Pipetting
This technique is used to dispense a measured quantity of liquid by means of air displacement pipette and is mainly used for aqueous solutions
Forward pipetting
This is commonly used for automatic aspiration of serological pipettes.
Gun pipette
A type of pipetting technique that is recommended for viscous or foaming liquids.
Reverse Pipetting
This technique is used for dispensing of reagents into different tubes using 1 pipette tip.
Repeat Pipetting
This technique is used for blood and serum samples.
Heterogenous Pipetting
Identify this type of pipetting technique:
Forward Pipetting
Identify this type of pipetting technique:
Reverse Pipetting
Identify this type of pipetting technique:
Repeat Pipetting
Identify this type of pipetting technique:
Heterogenous Pipetting
If the solution is colorless, it has a ___ meniscus
lower
If the solution is colored, it has an ___ meniscus
upper
This automatic pipette is based on calibration, which uses one volume only
Fixed volume
This automatic pipette is based on calibration, which uses different volume
Variable volume
A type of transfer pipette that is designed to dispense, or transfer aqueous solutions, and always self draining.
Volumetric pipette
A type of transfer pipette that is used on biologic fluids having a viscosity greater than water, and it is a blow out pipette.
Ostwald - Folin pipette
Measurement for micropipette
KAHIT ANO SA DALAWA. KUNG MALI KA DITO, CONSIDERED PA RIN AS TAMA IF SINAGOT MO IS NANDUN SA DALAWANG MEASUREMENT NA YUN.
Measurement for automatic macropipette
1mL or >1000uL
Angle of aspirating and dispensing when using the pipette
90 degrees
receptacle angle when aspirating and dispensing
45 degrees
How many times do you have to Pre - wet the pipette?
5 times
Aspiration depth of the tip.
1 - 2mm
What is the depth if the volume range is 0.1 - 1? (answer with unit)
1mm
What is the depth if the volume range is 1 - 100?
2 - 3mm
What is the depth if the volume range is 100 - 1000?
2 - 4mm
What is the depth if the volume range is 1000 - 10000?
3 - 6mm
A CLSI guideline that is for Accuracy in Patient and Sample Identification
GP33-A
Give the 3-way Identification if patient is unresponsive.
(Format: mama mo, papa mo, mama ko)
Patient’s verbal ID statement, ID band, visual comparison of the labelled specimen and patient’s ID band
Give 2 patient identifier before processing the specimen.
(Format: hatdog with buns, cheese)
Full name, date of birth
Give the parts/components of spectrophotometer (in order)
[ Format: Buns, Burger Patty, Cheese, Lettuce, Tomato, Onion, Ketchup, Mayo, Bacon - Cheese ]
Light source, Entrance Slit, Monochromator, Exit Slit, Cuvette, Photodetector, Read - Out Device
What is the most commonly used light source in spectrophotometer?
Incandescent Tungsten Lamp
What is the most commonly used photodetector?
Photomultiplier Tube
What is the most commonly used cuvette?
Rectangular sample cell
Identify the 1st symbol of spectrophotometer:
Blank
Identify the 2nd symbol of spectrophotometer:
KAHIT ANO SA DALAWA. KUNG MALI KA DITO, CONSIDERED PA RIN AS TAMA IF SINAGOT MO IS NANDUN SA DALAWA
Calibrator or Standard
Identify the 3rd symbol of spectrophotometer:
Control
Identify the 4th symbol of spectrophotometer:
STAT
Identify the 5th symbol of spectrophotometer:
KAHIT ANO SA DALAWA. KUNG MALI KA DITO, CONSIDERED PA RIN AS TAMA IF SINAGOT MO IS NANDUN SA DALAWA.
Normal or Routine Samples
Relationship of concentration to absorbance.
Directly proportional
Relationship of concentration to transmitted light or transmission.
Inversely proportional