Exercise 1 - 3

Converts light to electrical energy

Photodetector

Holds the sample/solution

Cuvette

Selects a specific wavelength of light

Monochromator

Minimizes Stray light

Entrance slit

Gives light toward the sample

Light Source

It controls the width of light beam (band pass) and allows only a fraction of the spectrum to reach the cuvette.

Exit Slit

A high absorbance means _ concentration

High

This helps you to check if your run in the spectrophotometer is reliable

Control solution

This gives you a source of comparison when it comes to computing for the sample concentration

Standard

Distance of tourniquet from venipuncture site

3 to 4 inches

Tourniquet must be applied for no longer than _

1 minute

To anchor the vein, the skin may be pulled \___ from the puncture site

1 - 2 inches

How long should you apply pressure to prevent further bleeding of the venipuncture site?

3 - 5 minutes

Correct angle of the needle when performing venipuncture

15 to 30 degrees

Law applied in spectrophotometry

Beer’s Law

High light transmittance means _ concentration

Low

Most common vein and first choice used in venipuncture

Median Cubital Vein

This is always the first step in specimen collection

Patient Identification

How long should blood be centrifuged to properly extract the serum?

10 minutes

Most commonly used antiseptic in venipuncture (include the concentration)

70% Isopropyl Alcohol

Recommended venipuncture site (vein) for obese patients

Cephalic Vein

This is the topmost part of the micropipette and is used for volume adjustment and to aspirate and dispense the desired amount of liquid into the tip of the micropipette

Plunger

This is similar to serological pipettes but it has no graduation marks at the tip and is usually a self draining one

Mohr pipette

This type of micropipette works on the air displacement principle. It consists of a piston which aspirates and dispenses liquid samples as the air pocket moves up and down.

Air Displacement Pipette

This type of pipette is designed to hold a particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume

To contain

These pipettes have continuous etched ring located near the top of the pipette wherein the last drop should be expelled into the receiving container

Blowout Pipette

A type of pipette designed to dispense the indicated volume

To deliver

This method is commonly used in calibrating pipettes

Gravimetric

The double rings on the upper end of pipette indicate that the pipette is a blow out pipette and should be blown using a

Serological pipette

These pipettes have no markings and the user allows the contents of the pipette to drain by gravity.

Self - Draining Pipette

In these micropipettes, the piston comes in direct contact of the sample

Positive displacement

Is a widely used instrument to accurately and precisely transfer volumes of liquid in the microliter range

Micropipette

This procedure can cause aerosol formation

Pipetting

This technique is used to dispense a measured quantity of liquid by means of air displacement pipette and is mainly used for aqueous solutions

Forward pipetting

This is commonly used for automatic aspiration of serological pipettes.

Gun pipette

A type of pipetting technique that is recommended for viscous or foaming liquids.

Reverse Pipetting

This technique is used for dispensing of reagents into different tubes using 1 pipette tip.

Repeat Pipetting

This technique is used for blood and serum samples.

Heterogenous Pipetting

Identify this type of pipetting technique:

Forward Pipetting

Identify this type of pipetting technique:

Reverse Pipetting

Identify this type of pipetting technique:

Repeat Pipetting

Identify this type of pipetting technique:

Heterogenous Pipetting

If the solution is colorless, it has a ___ meniscus

lower

If the solution is colored, it has an ___ meniscus

upper

This automatic pipette is based on calibration, which uses one volume only

Fixed volume

This automatic pipette is based on calibration, which uses different volume

Variable volume

A type of transfer pipette that is designed to dispense, or transfer aqueous solutions, and always self draining.

Volumetric pipette

A type of transfer pipette that is used on biologic fluids having a viscosity greater than water, and it is a blow out pipette.

Ostwald - Folin pipette

Measurement for micropipette

*KAHIT ANO SA DALAWA. KUNG MALI KA DITO, CONSIDERED PA RIN AS TAMA IF SINAGOT MO IS NANDUN SA DALAWANG MEASUREMENT NA YUN.*

Measurement for automatic macropipette

>1mL or >1000uL

Angle of aspirating and dispensing when using the pipette

90 degrees

receptacle angle when aspirating and dispensing

45 degrees

How many times do you have to Pre - wet the pipette?

5 times

Aspiration depth of the tip.

1 - 2mm

What is the depth if the volume range is 0.1 - 1? (answer with unit)

1mm

What is the depth if the volume range is 1 - 100?

2 - 3mm

What is the depth if the volume range is 100 - 1000?

2 - 4mm

What is the depth if the volume range is 1000 - 10000?

3 - 6mm

A CLSI guideline that is for Accuracy in Patient and Sample Identification

GP33-A

Give the 3-way Identification if patient is unresponsive.

(Format: mama mo, papa mo, mama ko)

Patient’s verbal ID statement, ID band, visual comparison of the labelled specimen and patient’s ID band

Give 2 patient identifier before processing the specimen.

(Format: hatdog with buns, cheese)

Full name, date of birth

Give the parts/components of spectrophotometer (in order)

\[ Format: Buns, Burger Patty, Cheese, Lettuce, Tomato, Onion, Ketchup, Mayo, Bacon - Cheese \]

Light source, Entrance Slit, Monochromator, Exit Slit, Cuvette, Photodetector, Read - Out Device

What is the most commonly used light source in spectrophotometer?

Incandescent Tungsten Lamp

What is the most commonly used photodetector?

Photomultiplier Tube

What is the most commonly used cuvette?

Rectangular sample cell

Identify the 1st symbol of spectrophotometer:

Blank

Identify the 2nd symbol of spectrophotometer:

*KAHIT ANO SA DALAWA. KUNG MALI KA DITO, CONSIDERED PA RIN AS TAMA IF SINAGOT MO IS NANDUN SA DALAWA*

Calibrator or Standard

Identify the 3rd symbol of spectrophotometer:

Control

Identify the 4th symbol of spectrophotometer:

STAT

Identify the 5th symbol of spectrophotometer:

*KAHIT ANO SA DALAWA. KUNG MALI KA DITO, CONSIDERED PA RIN AS TAMA IF SINAGOT MO IS NANDUN SA DALAWA.*

Normal or Routine Samples

Relationship of concentration to absorbance.

Directly proportional

Relationship of concentration to transmitted light or transmission.

Inversely proportional