College Biology

Chapter 2 Vocab list

Biology

The study of life

Organism

A living thing

DNA

Deozyribonucleic Acid, carried the Genetic code, is the genetic code to all living things

Nucleotide

monomer of DNA or RNA composed of phosphoric acid, sugar (deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA) and a nitrogen base (A,T, C, G) for DNA and (A, U, C, G) for RNA 

Nitrogenous Bases 

The parts of DNA and RNA that pair (A,T,C.G) for DNA and (A,U,C,G) for RNA

DNA Reolication

The process of making another copy of the genetic code by a semi-conservative process-occurs within the nucleus

DNA Polymerase

enzyme that links DNA nuccleotides together during DNA replication using DNA strand as a template. This enzyme also proofreads the new DNA strand and corrects any bas

DNA Helicase

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix and separates hydrogen bonds between the matching base pairs

RNA

Ribonucleic Acid

mRNA

messenger RNA, single stranded molecule that carries the genetic message from DNA within the nucleus to ribosome outside the nucleus

tRNA

Transfer RNA molecules that carried amino acid to ribosomes

rRNA

ribosomal RNA, that makes up ribosomes

Transcription

making mRNA from DNA, occers within the nucleus

RNA polymerase

enzyme that links RNA nucleotides together during translation using a DNA strand as a template

Translation/Protein Synthesis

reading the mRNA codons to make proteins, occurs on the ribosomes

Amino Acid

the monomers of proteins

proteins

molecule that make up parts of cells and sometimes act as enzymes

Ribosomes

small organelles within cells where translation/ protein synthesis takes place

codon

a group of 3 nucleotides bases in mRNA that code for a specific amino acid

anticodon

a group of 3 nucleotide bases on a tRNA molecule complimentary to the three nucletide bases on a mRNA codon. Each anticodon carries a specific amino acid