Classical Greece

Synoikism

The idea of small village bond together to create a city states

Agoura and Acropolis

Agoura is the lower part of the city states, usually have market and more there

Acropolis is the upper city states, the last defend line of the city states

Hoplites

Foot soldier that are heavily armed that is fight in the phallax formation.

Greek society

Citizen: has to be male, has to own lands, be born in that city states, and be 18 or 20

Resident: you can’t participate in politic but you get protected under the law

Underclass: you are war slave or you own debt that you can’t pay back

Greek government

Arkons = governor, serve 1 year term

Councils: 2 part, the Boule who wielded the most power. While the Areopagos ( contain elite of the society, the former Arkons), will eventually evolve into the supreme court

Assembly

All of the Athenian citizen have the right to vote, it a collective power, the Athenian assembly were called ekklesia

Draco

The hanging judge who give death sentence for almost all of the violation, he also is the first one to differentiated of manslaughter and murder

Solon

a reformer, but did not sastify the rich or the poor, he refused to do land distribution, he also a law maker, but eventually he exile himself to make people familiar with his law.

Peristratus

The tyrant of Athen after Solon self impose exile, he ruled with his 2 son Hippias and Hipparchus

Kleinthenes

consider as the father of democracy

expand the Boule to 500 member

made 10 new tribe

Equality of law and freedom of speech

introduce ostracism

made all citizen into the assembly

Athenian democracy principles

No professional bureaucrats ( no one can serve the council more than twice)

Every Citizen can hold office

Sparta /Lakedaimon

Use lead bar as currency

war thirsty( they have no war build until later)

they are very religious

Militaristic

Agoge: an training or a school teaching the Sparta how to grew up in a harsh environment for 7 year old kid until 18

Lykougos

came up with the Sparta government, created Rhetra

Rhetra

form ofmilitary that sparta citizenship that cutivate in the warrior society

Homoioi ( adult spartan)

When you are graduate the Agoge, you will have the chance to get drafted into the Sparta army, it is consider as a honor to get drafted

Periokoi( the dweller around)

They are the people that graduate but didn’t get drafted into the army, they have no political right but they are protected under the law

population in sparta

While it helped create a strong army, the couple can’t meet up with each other, since the adult Sparta is expected to live in the barrack until 30’s, so it keep the husband and the wife from seeing each other. Woman in Sparta were view more value in Sparta than any other city

Persian war

It started when the Greek revolt in Persian territory and burned down a temple, it was called the Ionian revolt

It have 4 main battle

Battle of Marathon

Battle of Thermopylai

Battle of Salamis

Battle of Platiaia

Sparta government is a oligarchy

2 kings ( they can have army of 300 mens)

5 ephors

and the assembly

Battle of Marathon

When the Persian landed on the beach near Athens, half of them sail away to try to go to the other side of Athen to corner Athens. So the Greek have Miltiades as their general, when he heard the new, he send a runner to Sparta to ask for help, they agree but they said they can’t go now because they have a religious festival going on, so Miltiades decide to fight the Persian alone with Athens, so they fight using the Phallax formation, and it result in their victor. When the Persian try to run off to their ship, the Athenians would cut their hamstring or their hand. After the battle, Miltiades and his army run back to Athen.

Battle of Thermopylai

Xerxes launches a huge army to avange his father and take over Greece, he and his army pass hellespont by the pontoon bridge. So Leonidas ask the council to deploy people with him to fight the Persian, but they refuse so Leonidas bring his 300 men and with another 1000 to fight the Persian, After the first day Leonidas order the slave to throw the corpse of the Persian down a valley so they won’t know how bad they got defeated. So Xerxes send out the 10,000 immortal men to fight but they still lose, but there is a traitor that told Xerxes about the hidden route to corner Leonidas and his men with 1,000 people. the people that protect that hidden route has run away back to their city states, so Persian won that battle at the end.

Battle of Salamis

After the Persian burned down Athen, the Persian follow the Athen to try to kill them, but Themistokles, an navy leader and his fleet were hidden nearby and destroy most of the Persian, and then lure them to Strait of Salamis to use the tide to attack the Persian. So Xerxes decided to leave a large army behind and his son in law behind to fight

Battle of Platiaia

the battle that Mardonius fight in, in the early battle a random rock killed him, so in the end, the Greek won.

After the war

Athens established themselves as a power house and starting to building military camp( Kleroukhies) at other city states and made the Deliah league ( a alliance). So in respond of it due to Sparta felt a threat from it, they created the Pennopelisian league to go against the Deliah, lead to the start of Pennopelisian war

Perikles

the leader of athen who will lead Athen to it golden age, they will get more economic wealthy and they will thrive

Peliponnesian war

Death of Perikles

Failed Scilian Expedition

Defection of Alkibiades

Persian alliance with Sparta

Defeat at Argimusae

Defeat at Aegospotomi

Death of Pericles

His death created a power vacuum

Archidamus: king of Sparta at the beginning of the Peliponnesian League invade Attica

Cleon: Leader of Athen after Pericles death, who keep telling Athens to advocate offense on Sparta, he died in battle of Thrace

Nicias: struggle with Alkibiades for the control in Athens. He will eventually started the Nicias peace. He is a competent and over cautious leader, but he will get undermined by other people

Failed Sicilian expedition

Alkibiades convince the Athen to invade Sicilian to cut off Sparta salt mine, but the day of departing people know that Alkibiades has deface a religious statue, so they try to put him on trial, but he ran away, at the end, due to his mistake, the Athens has lose 2 fleet of army due to 2 of their leader fell i’ll and one is dead.

defect of Alkibiades

Alkibiades run away from being getting trials and goes to Sparta to tell them about the silver mines that the Athens has, and he convince the them to build a Permanent fort in Attica, so that the Athen would be forces to stay behind the wall while a disease is going on. After a while the Athen tries to get a new competent leader, but no hope so they have to forgive Alkibiades to become their leader again.

Battle of Arginusae

After a victory won in Arginusae, the Athenian navy army were going back to Athens, but there is a freak storm coming and they didn’t get the people that fell out their ship out of the water yet, so they don’t have a choice but to abandoned them. It violet their protocol or their tradition. So they put all of the commander and leader on trial to imprison them or execute them. So they strip themselves of good leader.

Defeat at Aegospotomi

Due to them lack of good navy leader, they end up in defeat and they have to broke their power off

Lysander

Responsible for Athens surrender, he is a competent leader that isn’t very spartan like. He also won the battle of Aegospotomi