Astronomy-Test 1

Leo

Leo

29

Sun, moon, and planets appear in __ constellations

Only 12 constellations are actually used in horoscopes

Sun Sign

the zodiac constellation that the sun rose in the day of your birth

What you see in astrology columns in newspapers
Horoscopes include all of the planets, much more complicated

Precession

the wobble in Earth's rotational axis that takes about 26 000 years to go through one cycle and is caused by the the Moon's, and to a lesser degree the Sun's, gravitational force on Earth.

(like a top)

Tidal Force

the gravitational pull exerted by a celestial body that raises the tides on another body within the gravitational field, dependent on the varying distance between the bodies

it's in-sequential and irrelevant

Mother: 110,000,000,000,000 times

Doctor: 2,000,000,000,000 times

Building: 7,000,000,000,000 times

Moon: 931,000 times

Sun: 448,000 times

Mars: 1 time

Jupiter: 58 times

Saturn: .2 times

Neptune: .0004 times

93 million miles

One Astronomical Unit (AU) is equal to:

Dwarf planet

a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such.

63,000 AU

How much is a light year in AU?

Alpha Centauri

Triple star; Closest star to the earth that is visible in the night sky

It is at a distance of 4.2 light years

Betelgeuse

Red supergiant star in the Orion Constellation located in the Northern Hemisphere.

The Magnitude Scale

The astronomical brightness scale; the larger the number, the fainter the star.

Asterims

the sky contains a number of less formally defined groupings called __________.

Hipparchus

Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart (magnitude scale)

100

1st mag stars appear ____ times brighter than 6th magnitude stars

Flux

a measure of the light energy from a star that hits a collecting area of one square meter in one second.

apparent visual magnitude

A measure of the brightness of a star as seen by human eyes on Earth

Celestial Sphere

An imaginary sphere surrounding Earth to which the stars are attached

Zenith

the highest point of the celestial sphere; directly overhead

North celestial pole

The point on the celestial sphere directly above Earth's North Pole.

South celestial pole

The point on the celestial sphere directly above Earth's South Pole.

Celestial equator

the projection into space of the earth's equator; an imaginary circle equidistant from the celestial poles.

Angular distance

the angle that appears to separate a pair of objects in the sky

arc minute

An angular measure; each degree is divided into 60 arc minutes.

1/60th of a degree

circumpolar constellations

Any of the constellations so close to the celestial pole that they never set (or never rise) as seen from a given latitude.

Ecliptic

A great circle on the celestial sphere representing the Sun's apparent path during the year, so called because Lunar and Solar eclipses can occur only when the moon crosses it.

Vernal Equinox

March 21; the day of the year that marks the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere

Summer Solstice

June 21; Day with the most hours of sunlight and the fewest hours of darkness; marks the beginning of summer

Autumnal Equinox

September 22; The day of the year that marks the beginning of fall in the Northern hemisphere

periphelion

The place in the Earth's orbit where Earth is closest to the sun. (January 3rd)

aphelion

The place in the Earth's orbit where Earth is farthest away from the sun. (July 5)

Lunar phase

The changing appearance of the moon as seen from earth

sidereal period

The time it takes for the moon to go around in a fixed position in space

27.32 days

How long does it take for the moon to orbit around the Earth (sidereal period)?

synodic period

Time it takes for the moon to reach the same position relative to the sun in the same lunar phase

29.53

How long does it take for the moon to reach its synodic period?

West to east

The moon travels from _____ to ______

New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon

Waxing phases of the moon are....

New Moon, Last Quarter, Full Moon

Waning phases of the moon are....

Penumbra

the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked

penumbral lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse during which the Moon passes only within Earth's penumbral shadow and does not fall within the umbra.

Path of totality

the track of the moon's umbral shadow over Earth's surface. The sun is totally eclipsed as seen from within this path

Perigee

the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the earth.

-5

Condition for an eclipse: The moon's orbit is inclined against the ecliptic by __ degrees

Node

where the ecliptic and the moon's orbit crosses

Orion

Taurus

Sirius

the brightest star in the night sky

Gemini Twins

Castor and Pollux

Winter triangle

North Star

866

How many miles per hour do we move through space?

Psalm 19

1. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.

2 Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge.

3 There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard.

4 Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun,

5 Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race.

6 His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.

7 The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple.

8 The statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes.

9 The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.

10 More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.

11 Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward.

12 Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults.

13 Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression.

14 Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength, and my redeemer.

Astrology

theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events

No

Is Astrology a science?

Birth

Traits are created at _____, not conception

Astrologists believe that babies are fully developed, traits and everything, 9 months before they are born

Countries

Astrology is different in different ___________.

True

True or False: Different astrologers give different horoscopes to the same people

Twins

_____ live different lives

_____ that are raised separately are two different people

Scientific notation

A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

This is nothing more than a simple way to write very big or very small numbers without using lots of zeros.

Solar System

the collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets.

Planets

spherical, nonluminous bodies that orbit a star and shine by reflected light.

Star

self-luminous ball of hot gas

Astronomical Unit

(AU) A unit of length used for distances within the solar system

the average distance from Earth to the Sun

Light year

The distance that light travels in one year

No!

Is a light year a unit of time?

Galaxy

A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxy that contains our Solar System. The name derives from its appearance as a dim "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky, in which the naked eye cannot distinguish individual stars.

Constellations

patterns of stars in the sky

In ancient times, they only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythical figures

Today, they are well defined regions on the sky; irrespective of the presence of absence of bright stars in those regions

Superclusters

The largest known structures in the universe, consisting of many clusters of galaxies, groups of galaxies, and individual galaxies.

Pure white light

Beyond the galaxy

Projection effect

Stars of a constellation appearing to be close to another when they're actually far away.

1st magnitude

brightest stars

6th magnitude

faintest stars

arc second

An angular measure; each arc minute is divided into 60 arc seconds.

1/60th of an arc minute

Rotation

the turning of a body on its axis

Revolution

the motion of a body around a point outside the body.

Winter Solstice

December 22, when the sun is at its southernmost point; marks the beginning of winter

Evening star

Any planet visible in the sky just after sunset.

Morning star

Any planet visible in the sky just before sunrise.

Zodiac

a band around the sky extending about 9 degrees above and below the ecliptic in which the Sun, Moon, and planets are always found.

Lunar Eclipse

Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun

Umbra

the very darkest part of the moon's shadow

Total lunar eclipse

a lunar eclipse in which the Moon becomes fully covered by Earth's umbral shadow

Partial lunar eclipse

a lunar eclipse during which the Moon becomes only partially covered by Earth's umbral shadow

Solar eclipse

Occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth

Total solar eclipse

A solar eclipse during which the Sun becomes fully blocked by the disk of the Moon

Partial solar eclipse

A solar eclipse during which the Sun becomes only partially blocked by the disk of the Moon.

Chromosphere

A gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere (extending from the photosphere to the corona) that is visible during a total eclipse of the sun

colorful path around the moon when it covers the sun

Corona

The outer layer of the sun's atmosphere.

the atmosphere of the sun that projects out behind the moon

apogee

the point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited; the highest point

annular eclipse

sun is directly behind the moon but a ring of sunlight can be seen around the blackened moon

photosphere

the visible surface of the sun

diamond ring effect

a momentary phenomenon seen during some total solar eclipses when the ring of the corona and a bright spot of photosphere resemble a large diamond set in a silvery ring

Saros Cycle

an 18 year 11 1/3 day period after which the pattern of lunar and solar eclipses repeats.

Archeoastronomy

The study of the astronomy of ancient cultures.

Stonehenge

Constructed- 3000 BC-1800 BC
Alignments with locations of sunset, sunrise, moonset and moonrise at summer and winter solstices
Probably used as a calendar

Heelstone

Stonehenge stone marking where the sun rises on the summer solstice

geocentric universe

the idea that planets revolved in perfect circular orbits around the earth in the universe

heliocentric universe

sun is the center of universe; developed by Copernicus

Thales of Miletus

A Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624-ca. 547 B.C.E.), noted for his application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe.