REL - Exam 3

the evangelists

from the term euangelion “good news” - the writers of the gospels

Herod Antipas

Son of Herod the Great, ruled Galilee (client ruler)

Gospels Written

65-100 AD

Galilee

mediated roman rule - mostly jewish population

Judea

roman governor ruled

high priest

Political figure who ruled Jerusalem in the absence of a Roman governor - appointed by Rome

Pax Romana

peace of Rome - imposed by laws and fear

Pontius Pilate

Roman governor of Judea from 26-36 AD, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus

polemic

critical attack/controversial opinion

gospel

euangelion - good news (oral announcement/proclamation)

ancient biography

Narrates sayings, deeds, and teachings to portray the essence (no objective but persuasive) “life”

historical Jesus

reconstruction of the human figure who lived in 1st-century Galilee, as described through critical historical methods

Synoptic Problem

ambiguous relationship between Matthew, Mark, and John (synoptic = seen together)

Augustine

4th-century bishop - argued for Matthean priority (matthew - mark - luke)

J. J. Griesbach

19th-century scholar - modified Augustine (matthew - luke - mark)

Two-Gospel Hypothesis

name for both Augustine’s and Griesbach’s hypothesis (first two were used as source for the last)

Matthean Priority

Augustine (matthew - mark - luke) or Griesbach (matthew - luke - mark)

Markan Priority

the Gospel of mark is the earliest written - two source hypothesis and Farrer theory

Two-Source Hypothesis

Two sources for luke and Matthew - additional source Q

Q

Quelle - german word for source

Farrer Theory

20th Century Scholar - (Mark - Matthew - Luke)

parables

a brief functional story that teaches a lesson or moral

aphorisms

a short, memorable statement expressing a general truth

Son of God

Roman/Greek - leaders/legends (human parent + god)

Jewish Scriptures - God’s favored servants (Israel’s kings)

kingdom of God

The age when God’s rule, as opposed to the rule of others, will be most fully realized in the world.

messianic secret

the idea that Jesus shields his followers from the question of his messianic identity throughout the first half of the book of mark

Christ (or Messiah)

“anointed one” associated with an ideal, future, Davidic king. Greek - christos

Passion narrative (mark)

1. triumphal entry 

2. temple - intercalation

3. Teachings - Passover (little apocalypse)

4. Arrest and trials 

5. Crucifixion 

6. Resurrection 

intercalation

The author begins one story, switches to a second story, then returns to the first story. (temple-fig-temple) 

the Little Apocalypse

Mark 13 - Jesus responds to deciples’ questions about the timing od the destruction of the temple and the suffering the deciples will endure

crucifixion

Mark’s clearest portrayal of messiahs identify - roman soldier says he is the son of God

typology

OT patterns, person, event fulfilled in new testament - Jesus as the new Moses 

magi

wise men that come to see Jesus when he is born

John the Baptist - Matthew 

Functions as an Elijah figure who demands repentance and prepares Israel for a Messiah

righteousness

doing what is right in relation to God’s covenant requirements

the Sermon on the Mount

First Major teaching unit in Matthew (5) - Moses on the mountain = law, Jesus on the mountain = how to be the people of God

the Great Commission

emphasizes making deciples among both jews and gentiles and spreading Jesus’ teachings 

the Magnificat

Mary’s song (Luke 1:46-55) - “my soul magnifies the lord”

savior

implied contrast between Jesus and roman rulers of the day (often called saviors)

the Sermon on the Plain

Luke 6 - similarities to Sermon on the Mount  (emphasizes humanity = with the people)

ascension

Only Luke narrates the ascension into heaven

logos

Greek (word, statement, thought)

stoic - unifying agent or logic of the universe 

Jewish - God’s creative and redemptive works 

Book of Signs

John 1:19 - 12:50 seven signs and miraculous deeds that display power and reveal his true identity 

John the Baptist - John

testifying to Jesus’ true identity

future eschatology

Describe a future heavenly experience 

realized eschatology

Jesus’s own life and ministry

1. brings Gods judgement,

2. give eternal life

3. defeat the forces of evil

the Advocate

the holy spirit 

Theophilus

Luke and acts are dedicated to him, luke’s patron

ancient historiography

Acts - narrates the foundation of the church (sources = speeches, eyewitness reports, letters)

Pentecost

The Holy spirt comes to Jesus followers

Stephen

persecution by those outside the christian community - stoned

Saul/Paul

conversion - gentile mission 

theophany

vision of God

Cornelius

3 narrations of conversion - pagan soldier (gentiles)

Jerusalem Council

gentile participation - circumcision, food laws, mosaic law 

Irenaeus

A 2nd-century bishop, wrote against heresies - 4 gospels

Against Heresies

Argument for 4 Gospels

1. Unity - one spirit

2. Diversity (4 corners, 4 covenants)

portraits of Jesus

descriptor of 4 gospels - distinct theological and literary elements 

Christology

Mark - Son of God/Jewish Messiah

Matthew - Jewish Heritage (Abraham, Moses, David)

Luke - humble and merciful savior

John - preexistence, incarnation, ascension

Matthew - animal

Human Face

Mark - Animal

lion

Luke - animal 

ox

John - animal

eagle