Lab 11: EENT (models) corrected

Frontalis

O: Cranial aponeurosis

I: Skin of eyebrows

A: Raises eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi

Origin: Medial margin of orbit

Insertion: Skin around eyelids

Action: Closes eye

Nasalis

Origin: superior maxilla

Insertion: nasal cartilage

Action: dilates/contracts nostrils

Levator labii superiorus

Origin: Infraorbital margin of maxilla

Insertion: Upper lip

Action: Elevates upper lip

Levator anguli oris

Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla

Insertion: Corners of upper and lower lips

Action: Draws corner of mouth up and medially

Zygomaticus major

O: zygomatic bone

I: angle of mouth

A: raises angle of mouth

Orbicularis oris

O: Maxilla and mandible

I: Lips

A: Compresses, purses lips

Depressor anguli oris

O: mandible

I: angle of mouth

A: depresses angle of mouth

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Depressor labii inferioris

O: mandible

I: skin of lower lip

A: depresses lower lip

Mentalis

O: body of the mandible

I: skin of the chin

A: elevates, protracts, and depresses lower lip

Risorius

O: fascia associated with masseter

I: angle of mouth

A: draws angle of mouth to side

Cornea

The clear tissue of the fibrous tunic that covers the front of the eye

Sclera

white part of the fibrous tunic

Lens

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Retina

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Vitreous humor

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

Ciliary body

ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Choroid

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

Optic nerve (CN II)

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Superior rectus

Origin: common tendinous ring

Insertion: superior sclera of eye

Action: elevates front of eye

Inferior rectus

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: inferior sclera of eye

Action: depresses front of eye

Medial rectus

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: medial sclera of eye

Action: moves front of eye medially

Lateral rectus

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: lateral sclera of eye

Action: moves front of eye laterally

Superior oblique

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: Superolateral sclera of eye

Action: depresses, abducts and medially rotates eye

Inferior oblique

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: Inferolateral sclera of eye

Action: Elevates, abducts and laterally rotates eye

Auricle

external portion of the ear

Tympanic membrane

The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

Malleus

hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

Incus

anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

Stapes

stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

Cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses

Semicircular canals

three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our sense of rotational balance

Vestibule

Fluid filled spaces responsible for our sense of balance

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

cranial nerve that collects sensory information about hearing and balance

Eustachian tube

A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Masseter

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: angle of mandible

Action: elevates & protracts mandible

Temporalis

O: temporal fossa

I: coronoid process of mandible

A: Elevates & retracts mandible

Genioglossus

O: Mandible, internal surface

I: Bottom of tongue, body of hyoid

A: Protrudes tongue

Hyoglossus

Origin: Hyoid bone

Insertion: Tongue

Action: Depresses tongue

Cricothyroid muscle

O: arch of the cricoid cartilage

I: inferior border of the thyroid cartilage

A: draws the thyroid cartilage forward, lengthening the vocal ligaments

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

O: Cricoid cartilage

I: Arytenoid cartilage

A: Abduct vocal folds

Arytenoideus muscle

O & I: Contralateral sides of arytenoid cartilage

A: Adduct vocal folds

Frontal sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

Sphenoid sinus

sinus above and behind the nose

Superior nasal concha

Most superior bony ridge of ethmoid bone that extends from lateral wall of nasal cavity

Middle nasal concha

Lower bony ridge of ethmoid bone that extends from lateral wall of nasal cavity

Inferior nasal concha

Lowest bony ridge extending from lateral nasal cavity wall; its own complete bone

Superior nasal meatus

"valley" between upper two conchae

Middle nasal meatus

"valley" between lower two conchae

Inferior nasal meatus

"valley" under the inferior nasal concha

Nasopharynx

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

Oropharynx

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

Laryngopharynx

lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

Nasal vestibule

space contained within the flexible tissues of the nose

Soft palate

a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking

Hard palate

bony anterior (front) portion of the palate

Uvula

free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate

Pharyngeal tonsil

also called adenoids; located in posterior wall of nasopharynx

Palatine tonsil

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

Lingual tonsil

mass of lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue

Vallate papillae

largest taste buds with 8-12 forming "V" at back of tongue