Unit 7, Part II: The Great Depression and the New Deal-APUSH AP Classroom

The 1920s photograph above illustrates a production process that led to

A

government ownership of the automobile industry

B

the promotion of individual craftsmanship and pride among workers and artisans

C

lower prices and greater availability for mass-produced consumer goods

D

the establishment of training and educational requirements for workers

E

a sharp drop in labor union membership due to high employee satisfaction

C

lower prices and greater availability for mass-produced consumer goods

The establishment of a stronger economic regulatory system during the Great Depression most closely reflected a continuity with which of the following?

A

Efforts to fund internal improvements during the Early Republic

B

Efforts to expand the influence of unionized labor during the Gilded Age

C

Efforts to restrict the excesses of corporations during the Progressive Era

D

Efforts to encourage women to enter the workforce during the Second World War

C

Efforts to restrict the excesses of corporations during the Progressive Era

During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" were

A

government relocation camps for indigent workers

B

model communities established by the Hoover administration

C

shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people

D

soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation

E

work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy

C

shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people

All of the following concerns were addressed during the "Hundred Days" of the New Deal EXCEPT

A

banking regulation

B

unemployment relief

C

agricultural adjustment

D

homeowner mortgage support

E

court restructuring

E

court restructuring

(Photo of shirtless men shoveling in the dirt)

The photo above most likely shows the work of which of the following New Deal agencies?

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

B

Farm Security Administration

C

National Recovery Administration

D

National Labor Relations Board

E

Social Security Administration

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

(Photo of Migrant Mother)

The Great Depression-era photograph above was taken with the goal of

A

generating congressional support for the Wagner Act

B

protesting the federal government's refusal to provide aid for victims of natural disasters

C

winning approval of a federal program that would distribute land and agricultural equipment to impoverished farmers

D

publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families

E

promoting enrollment in the new Medicaid program

D

publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families

Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT

A

restricting agricultural production

B

restoring public confidence in the banking system

C

deficit financing

D

nationalizing basic industries

E

creating new jobs in the public sector

D

nationalizing basic industries

Democratic Party support by a new coalition of workers and African Americans during the 1930s was most similar to that of

A

Whig Party support following the Mexican-American War

B

Republican Party support following the Civil War

C

Populist Party support following the Spanish-American War

D

Socialist Party support following the First World War

B

Republican Party support following the Civil War

Governmental policies enacted during the New Deal most strongly demonstrate a continuity with which of the following earlier developments?

A

Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy.

B

Populists attempted to get the United States to adopt the silver standard for currency.

C

Imperialists claimed that the United States needed to gain colonies for resources.

D

Nativists advocated restrictions on the number of immigrants.

A

Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy.

"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.

"The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world.

"The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.

"The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.

"The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world."

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, State of the Union address, January 1941

Which of the following most directly contributed to Roosevelt's view that "freedom from want" was necessary?

A

The inspiration of Woodrow Wilson's vision for an international democratic order

B

The experience of domestic and global economic upheavals during the 1930s

C

The memory of federal agencies violating some Americans' civil liberties in the 1920s

D

The fear of the Soviet threat to spread communism to nations in the West

B

The experience of domestic and global economic upheavals during the 1930s

Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act?

A

It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners.

B

It provided health insurance for anyone who needed it.

C

It created benefits for the needy by using taxes on corporate profits.

D

It made the United States the first industrialized country to provide a social welfare system.

E

It was ended during the first hundred days of the New Deal.

A

It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners.

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours.... We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both."

John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939

Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

A

Abolitionism in the 1830s and 1840s

B

Nativism in the 1840s and 1850s

C

Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s

D

The counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s

C

Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours.... We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both."

John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939

Which of the following was the most direct effect of conditions such as those described in the excerpt?

A

Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities

B

Earlier marriages and an increase in family size

C

A middle-class movement to the suburbs

D

Conservative opposition to an increased government role in the economy

A

Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours.... We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both."

John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939

Situations such as those described in the excerpt were most directly addressed by

A

Progressive Era reforms

B

First World War economic production

C

New Deal government programs

D

Great Society efforts to end poverty

C

New Deal government programs

Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct?

A

It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

B

It provided land for immigrants who wanted to become farmers.

C

It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil.

D

It built dams that made rural electrification possible.

E

It built interstate highways in the upper South.

D

It built dams that made rural electrification possible.

The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920's?

A

A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic

B

The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel

C

The development of a large international market for American automobiles

D

Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

E

Construction of the federal interstate highway system

D

Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

Which of the following groups was NOT part of the voting coalition that supported the New Deal?

A

African Americans in the North

B

White people in the South

C

Industrial workers in cities

D

Business executives

E

Farmers

D

Business executives

In 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover disagreed most strongly about the desirability of

A

a balanced federal budget

B

farm price supports

C

federal aid to corporations

D

a program of public works

E

federal relief to individuals

E

federal relief to individuals

During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to

A

the nationalization of major industries

B

the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate

C

a decline in highway construction

D

a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

E

a decrease in labor union membership

D

a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was

A

soaring energy costs

B

serious dislocation in international trade

C

European abandonment of the gold standard

D

confiscatory social security taxes

E

excessive government spending

B

serious dislocation in international trade