ap hug ch 5 vocab

Language

system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, or symbols that a group of people understands to have the same meaning

Centripetal force

a force that brings people together

Centrifugal Force

A force that divides people

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

A dialect used by some African Americans

Creole (or creolized) language

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Denglish

The mix of German and English

Developing Language

Language in daily use by people of all ages from children to elderly individuals

Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

Dying Language

Language still used by older people but is not being transmitted to children

Endangered Language

A language that children are no longer learning, and its remaining speakers use it less frequently

Extinct Language

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used

Franglais

is the mix of French and English

Institutional Language

Language used in Education, work, mass media and government

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

Isolated Language

A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

Language Branch

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that can be confirmed through archaeological evidence.

Language Family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

Language Group

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relativity a few differences in grammar and vocabulary

Lingua franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Literary tradition

Language that is written as well as spoken

Logogram

A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound

Mutual Intelligibility

refers to the ability of people speaking in two ways to readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort

Official Language

used by the government to enact legislation, publish documents, and conduct other public business

Pidgin Language

A simpler form of a lingua franca when learning a new language

Received Pronunciation (RP)

The dialect of English commonly used by politicians, broadcasters, and actors in the United Kingdom

Spanglish

Mix of Spanish and English

Standard Language

A dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication

Subdialect

A subdivision of a dialect

Threatened Language

Language used for face-to-face communication but is losing users

Vigorous Language

Language used daily by people of all ages but it lacks a literary tradition

Vulgar Latin

A form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents

Working Language

designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication