Cell Injury and Cell Death

WK 1

What is the study of disease called?

Pathology

What is the study of abnormal changes in the body?

Pathophysiology

What is the sequence of events and changes in the tissue that lead to disease called?

Pathogenesis

What term refers to the cause of a disease?

Aetiology

What type of disease is present before birth?

Congenital disease

What is an acquired disease?

A disease acquired after birth

What describes a disease with sudden appearances of symptoms that lasts a short time?

Acute disease

What does idiopathic mean?

The cause of the disease is unknown

What are the signs and symptoms of a disease referred to as?

Clinical manifestations

What is a condition that is the consequence of a previous disease, treatment, or injury called?

A condition that is the consequence of a previous disease, treatment, or injury called?

What cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?

Hypertrophy

What cellular adaptation involves an increased number of cells?

Hyperplasia

What is the term for the shrinkage in size of cells?

Atrophy

What refers to the replacement of one cell type by another?

Metaplasia

What is the disorderly proliferation of cells called?

Dysplasia

What is hypoxia?

When oxygen saturation of tissue falls below 90%.

What is ischemia?

Interruption of blood flow to cells and tissues.

What causes oxidative stress?

An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

What is pathological calcification?

Abnormal deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death that is essential for development and provides a protective mechanism.

What characterizes necrosis?

A major pathway of cell death due to irreversible injury.

What is coagulative necrosis?

A type of necrosis where tissue architecture is preserved and has a firm texture.

What is liquefactive necrosis?

A type of necrosis where dead cells are transformed into a viscous liquid.

What is caseous necrosis?

Necrosis commonly seen in tuberculosis, where the tissue appears yellow/white and cheeselike.

What is gangrenous necrosis?

Necrosis resulting from dead tissue due to lack of blood supply; can be dry or wet.

How does apoptosis differ from necrosis in terms of its nature and cause?

Apoptosis is a programmed, controlled process essential for development and protective functions, while necrosis is an uncontrolled, pathological cell death resulting from irreversible injury, often triggering inflammation.