Cross Sectional Anatomy: Week 10

The thyroid gland consists of the following number of lobes:
three
four
two
six

two

The approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland are:
5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth
4 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
3 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
6 cm length, 3 cm width, 3 cm depth

5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by:
ismal tissue
the isthmus
island tissue
parathyroid tissue

the isthmus

All of the following structures form neighboring structures for the thyroid gland except:
superficial and deep fascia
parotid muscle
strap muscles
sternocleidomastoid muscle

parotid muscle

Sonographically, the thyroid may be described as having characteristics of all of the following except:
uniformly echogenic pattern
sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, and strap muscles are hypoechoic compared with thyroid tissue
medium-to-high level echoes similar to the liver and testes
anechoic with calcifications throughout

uniformly echogenic pattern

The parathyroid glands lie:
posterior to the thyroid and anterior to the longus colli muscle
anterior to the thyroid and anterior to the longus colli muscle
between the anterior borders of the medial lobes of the thyroid gland
between the posterior borders of the medial lobes of the thyroid gland

posterior to the thyroid and anterior to the longus colli muscle

There are usually _____ parathyroid glands.
two
three
four
five

four

The breast is sonographically divided into three layers. Which is incorrect?
skin, nipple, subareolar
pectoralis major
subcutaneous region
parenchyma

pectoralis major

Sonographically, breast tissue...
may be characterized by a homogeneous parenchymal pattern
depends on several factors, primarily the age of the woman and the functional state of the breast.
may be characterized by a highly echogenic parenchymal pattern
may be characterized by dense internal echoes

depends on several factors, primarily the age of the woman and the functional state of the breast.

The retromammary layer is sonographically imaged as:
hyperechoic
dense
hypoechoic
high reflectivity

hypoechoic

The most characteristic finding of a fibroadenoma is:
a poorly defined border
uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes
increased through transmission
disruption of architecture

uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes

Characteristic findings of breast carcinoma include all except which of the following?
attenuation of sound
irregular margins
strong posterior margin
inhomogeneous low-level internal echo pattern with calcifications

strong posterior margin

secretes three hormones, which are?
triiodothyronine (T4), thyroxine (T5), and calcitonin.
triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcium oxide.
thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.
triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T7), and iron.

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.

Which statement is NOT true about the thyroid gland?
It lies anterior to the trachea.
It is composed of right and left lobes only.
A pyramidal lobe is present in approximately 15% to 40% of the population.
It is composed of right and left lobes connected across the midline by the isthmus.

It is composed of right and left lobes only.

Which statement is NOT true about the thyroid gland?
It measures approximately 4 to 6 cm in length, 2 to 3 cm in anteroposterior (AP) diameter, and 1.5 to 2 cm in width.
In cross section, it is outlined anteriorly by the longus colli muscle and the internal jugular vein.
The isthmus measures approximately 2 to 6 mm in AP diameter.
It plays a major role in growth and development and regulates basal metabolism through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones.

In cross section, it is outlined anteriorly by the longus colli muscle and the internal jugular vein.

The sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland is uniformly:
echogenic with medium-level echoes, similar to the testes and liver.
heterogeneous with medium- to high-level echoes.
hyperechoic with high-level echoes.
hypoechoic with medium-level echoes.

echogenic with medium-level echoes, similar to the testes and liver.

Which statement is NOT true about the parathyroid glands?
Most people (about 80%) have four parathyroid glands located in a symmetric position contiguous with the thyroid gland.
The parathyroid glands generally are situated anterior to the thyroid gland.
The parathyroid glands may be intrathyroidal.
Approximately 15% of parathyroid glands are ectopic.

The parathyroid glands generally are situated anterior to the thyroid gland.

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of the:
common carotid artery.
internal carotid artery.
external carotid artery.
vertebral artery.

external carotid artery.

The sonographic appearance of the normal parathyroid glands generally is:
hyperechoic compared with the thyroid gland.
mixed echogenicity with calcifications.
anechoic with through transmission.
hypoechoic compared with the thyroid gland.

hypoechoic compared with the thyroid gland.

Which statement is NOT true about the sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland?
It is more echogenic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures.
It is uniformly echogenic with medium-level echoes, similar to the liver and testes.
Anechoic, 1- to 2-mm tubular structures represent the thyroid arteries and veins.
It is more uniformly hypoechoic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures.

It is more uniformly hypoechoic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures.

The parenchymal portion of the breast includes all of these structures except:

lobes.

ducts.

fat.

lobules.

Fat

The mammary layer of the breast contains all of the following except:

connective tissue.

lobes.

ducts.

fat.

fat

The mammary layer contains the glandular tissues, ducts, and connective tissues

What is the sonographic appearance of glandular tissue?
Hypoechoic
Bright linear echoes
Low to medium level echoes
Anechoic tubular structures

Low to medium level echoes

What is the sonographic appearance of Cooper's ligaments?
Hypoechoic
Bright linear echoes
Low- to medium-level echoes
Anechoic tubular structures

Bright linear echoes

What is the sonographic appearance of breast fat?
Hypoechoic
Bright linear echoes
Low- to medium-level echoes
Anechoic tubular structures

Hypoechoic

Small clusters of calcification seen in the breast tissue on mammography are
expected.
normal.
an early indication of cancer.
usually an indication of cyst formation.

an early indication of cancer.

Each breast has 10 to 15 lobes.
true
false

False

Lobules are subunits of lobes.
true
false

True

Glandular breast tissue actually is found in the lobules.
true
false

True

The breast contains very little fat.
true
false

False

The glandular layer of the breast atrophies after menopause.
true
false

True

The breast has the largest amount of fatty tissue during the reproductive years.
true
false

False

The younger breast has a higher percentage of parenchyma than fat.

Elastography is a technique that improves sonographic visualization of tissues in fibrous breasts.
true
false

True