APUSH - Important Events and People

Pueblo Revolt

Native American uprising against Spanish missionaries in Santa Fe

Glorious Revolution

Peaceful overthrow of King James II in 1688

English Bill of Rights

Law limiting monarchy's power, enhancing democratic rights

House of Burgesses

First elected assembly in the colonies, precursor to Revolutionary War

Mayflower Compact

Document establishing self-government in the New World

King Philip's War

Conflict between New England colonists and Native Americans

1st Great Awakening

Religious revival in North American colonies, led to new Christian denominations

Beaver Wars

Conflict between French, Dutch, Iroquois, and Native Americans

Mercantilism

Economic policy focusing on a nation's trade for profit

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers sanctioned to claim land and resources

Encomienda System

Spanish slavery system granting indigenous people to colonizers

Pequot War

Conflict between Pequot people and New England colonies

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Series of wars between Virginia settlers and Algonquin Native Americans

Stono Rebellion

Largest slave rebellion in British mainland colonies

Bacon's Rebellion

First armed insurrection of American colonists against British rule

Articles of Confederation

Document giving states more power than the national government

French and Indian War

Conflict between Britain, France, and Native Americans

Declaratory Act

Asserted Britain's right to tax colonies after the Stamp Act repeal

Townshend Act

Taxes on glass, tea, and other products, angering colonists

Intolerable Acts

British response to Boston Tea Party, closing port, changing government

Quebec Act

Granted French-Canadians religious freedom and French civil law

Continental Congress

Assembly of colonial delegates to address grievances with Britain

Republican Motherhood

Women's role in raising good American citizens

Penn. Gradual Emancipation Law

Legislation to emancipate slaves gradually in Pennsylvania

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

Influential call for independence widely read in the colonies

John Locke

Philosopher advocating natural rights of life, liberty, property

Virginia v. New Jersey Plans

Proposals for government structure leading to the Great Compromise

3/5ths Compromise

Agreement on enslaved individuals' representation in Congress

Limiting federal power

Desire to prevent a powerful government post-revolution

Constitution Ratification

Federalists approved, Anti-Federalists feared loss of rights, resolved by Bill of Rights.

Whiskey Rebellion

Federal force against rebellion, angered Anti-Federalists, contrasted Shay's Rebellion.

National Bank and Hamilton

Hamilton's 3-point plan: assumption of state debts, Bank of the United States, taxes for revenue.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Restricted foreign residents, limited speech/press, countered by Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Nullification

States resisting federal laws, South Carolina nullified Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic conflict with France, bribe request, led to Quasi War over American neutrality.

Treaty of Paris

Ended Revolutionary War, ceded British territory to America, recognized independence.

Pinckney's Treaty

Established Spanish Florida border, allowed Mississippi River use for American farmers.

Washington's Farewell

No alliances, no political parties advised by Washington.

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native American revolt against British, led to Proclamation of 1763.

Treaty of Greenville

Settled disputes, ceded Ohio territory to America.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Divided land for settlement, included plots for education.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Abolished slavery in new territories, focused on settlement.

Regional Identities of States

North-South split, manufacturing vs. plantation economy, seed for Civil War sectionalism.

Small v. Large States Plan

New Jersey (small) advocated equal representation, Virginia (large) supported bicameral legislature.

Isolationism

Avoiding political and economic entanglements with other nations, post-Washington's address.

Western Expansion

Native land loss, urban population rise, immigration influx, transportation improvements.

Erie Canal, Cumberland Road, Railroads

Enhanced US interconnectivity, boosted trade efficiency, facilitated distant living.

Cotton Gin Effects

Increased cotton production efficiency, expanded slavery westward.

Louisiana Purchase

Doubled US size, acquired from France for $15 million, Napoleon's focus on European empire.

War of 1812

Defended honor, neutrality, removed British forts, resulted in a stalemate.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended War of 1812, returned conquered territory, planned boundary settlement.

British American Convention

Joint Oregon occupation, defined northern Louisiana Territory limit, shared Newfoundland fishing.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Spain sold Florida to the US, expanded US boundaries.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Harrison defeated Shawnee Native Americans, destroyed Prophetstown.

First Seminole War

Andrew Jackson led US forces, destroyed Seminole villages.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Forced Native Americans westward, led to conflicts like Trail of Tears.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court ruled Georgia Act unconstitutional, Andrew Jackson defied ruling.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans, deadly journey, conflicts ensued.

Monroe Doctrine

Europe barred from colonizing Western Hemisphere, US refrained from European affairs.

Lone Star Republic

Controversy over Texas annexation due to slavery concerns.

The American System by Henry Clay

Economic nationalism through National Bank and Protective Tariff of 1816.

Era of Good Feelings

National unity post-War of 1812, faction disputes within Republican party.

Age of the Common Man

Increased white male suffrage, more men allowed to vote.

Seneca Falls Convention

Landmark for gender equality, Declaration of Rights and Sentiments of Women.

Sectionalism

Rise in regional differences, antislavery vs. proslavery debates.

Missouri Compromise

Maine admitted as free state, slavery prohibited north of 36°30'.

National Bank

Jackson vetoed bank recharter, led to establishment of 'pet banks'.

John Marshall and the Supreme Court

Marbury v. Madison - judicial review, McCulloch v. Maryland - 2nd US Bank is constitutional, Gibbons v. Ogden - federal power over interstate commerce.

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review in 1803

McCulloch v. Maryland

Ruled 2nd US Bank constitutional

Gibbons v. Ogden

Federal, not states, regulate interstate commerce

Second Great Awakening

Movement promoting various reforms and denominations

Transcendentalist Movement

Emphasized nature, humanity, feminism, and communal living

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Led to crackdown on enslaved individuals

Abolitionist Movement

Advocated immediate emancipation

Rise in Manufacturing

Led by Samuel Slater and Eli Whitney

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Legalized labor unions

Nativism

Response to rising Irish and German immigrants

Irish Potato Famine

Caused mass Irish immigration to the US

Manifest Destiny

Belief in US superiority and westward expansion

Mexican-American War

Disputes over Texas, California, and monetary claims

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico ceded California and Southwest to the US

Treaty of Wanghia

First US-China diplomatic agreement for trade

Wilmot Proviso

Attempt to ban slavery in Mexican Cession territories

Compromise of 1850

Included California as a free state and new fugitive slave law

Fugitive Slave Act

Required return of escaped African Americans to owners

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Implemented popular sovereignty for slavery in territories

Bleeding Kansas

Conflict over slavery in Kansas leading to mini Civil War

Bleeding Sumner

Senator Brooks beats Sumner for antislavery speech

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Declared African Americans as property, ruling Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

John Brown and Harper's Ferry

Attempted revolt by seizing federal arsenal

Election of 1860

Lincoln's election leading to southern secession

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Increased abolitionist support and empathy in the north

Underground Railroad

Network aiding African Americans' escape from slavery

Causes of Union's Civil War Victory

Industrial resources, Navy, and military leadership

Antietam

Pivotal battle leading to Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg

Stopped Confederate attack on Union soil

Vicksburg

Grant's control of the Mississippi River

Sherman's March to the Sea

Total war strategy destroying southern infrastructure

Union's Total War Strategy

Strategy of destroying southern environment and infrastructure