Greece: European Intervention and the Ottoman Empire

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the European intervention in Greece and the Ottoman Empire's responses, particularly during the 19th century.

Intervention

The act of involving oneself in a situation to alter the outcome.

Ottoman Empire

A historical empire that existed from the late 13th century to 1923, centered in modern-day Turkey.

Treaty of London (1827)

An agreement signed by Russia, Britain, and France calling for a truce between the Ottomans and Greeks.

Battle of Navarino

A naval battle in 1827 that resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman and Egyptian navy.

Ibrahim Pasha

Son of Mohamed Ali who suppressed Greek insurgency and established order in Greece.

Mahmoud II

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire known for extensive reforms and the destruction of the Janissaries.

Janissaries

An elite military unit of the Ottoman Empire that became ineffective and unruly prior to their destruction.

Great Powers

The most powerful and influential nations in Europe during the 19th century, including Britain, France, and Russia.

Treaty of Adrianople (1829)

An agreement that restored Ottoman frontiers before the war and recognized Greek independence.

Muslim Soldiers

A term for the new military system created by Mahmoud II after the destruction of the Janissaries.

Mehmet Ali

The governor of Egypt who staged a rebellion against Mahmoud II and aimed to expand his territory.

Autonomy

The right of a region or group to govern itself independently.

Cede

To give up power or territory, often in a formal agreement.

Indemnity

Compensation paid by a country to another for causing damage or loss during a conflict.

Famine

A severe shortage of food resulting in widespread hunger.

Romantic Propaganda

Promotional material that utilizes romantic nationalism to inspire support for a cause.

Western Greece

A significant region of Greece involved in the struggles against Ottoman rule.

Civil Affairs

Aspects of governance that relate to civilians and their rights, distinct from military concerns.

Ulama

A body of religious scholars in Islam, often involved in legal and educational matters.

Steam Ship

A vessel powered by steam engines, marking advancements in transportation during the 19th century.

Translation Services

Divisions responsible for converting documents from one language to another, significant in foreign affairs.

Compulsory Education

Mandatory schooling for children, implemented during Mahmoud II’s reforms.

Press and Publishing

The industry involved in the production of newspapers and books, expanded under Mahmoud II.

Higher Taxes on Non-Muslims

A system where non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire were burdened with heavier tax obligations.

Nationalist Greek Cause

The movement advocating for Greek independence and sovereignty from Ottoman rule.

European Volunteers

Foreign citizens who joined the Greek struggle against the Ottomans, motivated by nationalist sentiments.

Cairo Peace Talks

Negotiations between Ottoman and Egyptian representatives, influenced by external powers.