Chapter 17 People

Henry Bessemer

Englishman that created a process of converting iron into a more durable steel. The process took his name

William Kelly

American that created a process of converting iron to a more durable steel.

Robert Mushet

British scientist of metals. He had ingredients that could be added to the iron of the bessemer process that converted it to transform into steel. Without this ingredient it wouldn't work the same.

Abram S. Hewitt

New Jersey ironmaster that introduced a method of making steel from Europe. It largely supplanted the bessemer process.

George Bissel

Showed that oil could be burned in lamps that that it could also yield products like lubricating oil.

Edwin L. Drake

Employee of George Bissell, he established the first oil well. It produced more than 500 barrels of oil in a month.

Nicolaus August Otto

created a gas-powered "four stroke" engine in the mid-1860's, which was a precursor to automobile engines; did not develop a way to untether it from gas lines to be used portably in machines

Gottfried Daimler

Former employee of August Otto, he perfected the engine that could be used in automobiles.

Charles and Frank Duryea

Built the first gasoline-driver motor vehicle in America

Henry Ford

Produced the first of the famous cars that would eventually bear his name. He increased the industry for selling cats and it shaped american social and cultural life.

Wilbur and Orville Wright

Began to construct a gilder that could be propelled through the air by an internal combustion (same machine that was used for automobiles). With that they created a test flight in North Carolina that traveled 120 feet.

Charles Lindbergh

American pilot who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (New York to Paris).

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Urged employers to reorganize the production process by subdividing task which had many pro's.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical. (large contributor to railroad development)

Andrew Carnegie

Scottish-born american that came from modern beginnings and went on to create a billion dollar business through the process of selling stocks. He controlled a large steelworks and cust a lot of cost by getting deals with railroads. He was able to buy out rivals that competed with his business. He wrote the book the Gospel of Wealth.

Henry Clay Frick

An associate of Carnegie; he brought up coal mines and leased part of the mesabi iron-ore range. He operated fleet of ore ships on the great lakes and acquired railroads for the business.

J. Pierpont Morgan

Bought 450 million worth of stock from Carnegie's business, making him a large owner of the company. He was able to create the Giant United States Steel Corporation with Carnegie.

Gustavus Swift

Developed a small chicago meatpacking company into a great national corporation. He sold a lot to the military.

Isaac Singer/I.M. Singer and Company

Patented the sewing machine and was the first modern manufacturing corporations.

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history. He eliminated his competition and went on to control over 90 percent of the refined oil in the U.S.

E.H. Harriman

Considered a self-made man because he was a brokery boy turned millionaire. He created a Railroad tycoon.

William Graham Sumner

Promoted similar ideas of social darwinism by Spencer in lectures, articles, and a famous book Folkways. Didn't agree with everything Spencer wrote but shared the belief that individuals must have absolute freedom to struggle, to compete, to succeed, or to fail

Adam Smith

Defined Law of Supply and demand.

Russell H. Conwell

Prominent spokesman and baptist minister for the nation of great wealth as something available to all. He delivered a lecture called "Acres of Diamonds" more than 6000 times which was a series of stories which were all according to him true of people who found opportunities for a lot of wealth in their own backyards

Horatio Alger

Most famous promoter of the success story. He was originally from a small town in Massachusetts but was taken away and brought to New York where he wrote a book called "From Rags to Riches" He was homosexual and didn't tell anyone because he believed he was too successful.

Lester Frank Ward

Sociologist who attacked social Darwinism in his book, Dynamic Sociology. Believed that an active government engaged in positive planning was society's best hope

Daniel De Leon

After the socialist labor party created by Leon broke they created this party.

Henry George

Wrote Progress and Poverty which Explained why poverty existed amid the wealth created by modern industry. He Blamed social problems on the rising land values.

Edward Bellamy

Rival of George in popularity he wrote Looking Backwards. It Described the experiences of a young bostonian who went into a hypnotic sleep and awoke in the year 2000. Someone who found a new social order where want, politics, and vice were unknown.

Louisa May Alcott

Voiced often-unstated ambitions of many young women. She was a Daughter of a man that spoke up against slavery and women's rights. She had always wanted to write but and therefore Wrote popular novels.

William H. Sylvis

First person to attempt to combine unions, he founded the national labor union.

Molly Maguires

Secret organization of Irish miners that campaigned, at times violently, against poor working conditions in the Pennsylvania mines.

Rutherford B. Hayes

President at the time of the Railroad strikes. Ordered federal troops to suppress the disorders in West Virginia.

Uriah S. Stephens

Founded the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor

Leonora Barry

Ran the Women's Bureau of the Knights, She was a good leader and enlisted 50,000 white and african women members.

Terence V. Powderly

Was a leader of the Knights. The order of the Knights moved into the open and entered a spectacular period of expansion (becoming more public?)

Jay Gould

Gould system (theory based on specific beliefs and developmental phases), Network of railroads assembled. Union wanted to get rid of it.

Samuel Gompers

Said women should remain in the home (No necessity of women contributing to the family). He was a powerful leader of the AFL

George M. Pullman

Owned the Pullman Palace Car Company. It Considered the town Pullman to be a solution to the industrial problem. Referred to the workers as his "children"

Eugene V. Debs

Owned American Railway Union

John Peter Altgeld

Governor of Illinois. Criticized the trials of the Haymarket anarchists and had pardoned the convicted men who were still in prison when he took office. Refused to call out the militia to protect employers. People bypassed him by asking state governments. He had demonstrated sympathies for workers and their grievances.

Grover Cleveland

complied with the federal government request to get militia to support state governments

Richard Olney

Former railroad lawyer and a bitter foe of unions complied with the federal government request to get militia to support state governments. He was also the attorney general.