Phleb Glossary terms

AFP

Alpha Fetoprotein

abnormal levels may indicate a neural tube defect or development problem - Amniotic fluid will be used to confirm results

Antisepsis

process of using antiseptics to eliminate microorganisms that cause disease

arrhythmia

abnormal rate of heart muscle contractions

asepsis

the state of being free from disease causeing organisms/pathogens by preventing contact with them

autologous blood transfusion

intraoperative blood salvage, pt receives own blood - autotransfusion

battery

the unpriviledged touching of a person by another,

intentional touching of a patient without permission is battery

bleeding time

test to ascertain PLT function, cut the pt special paper to wipe away blood and see how long it takes for plts to form a plug

bloodborne infection

infection transmitted blood to blood

thrombus

clot that forms inside a blood vessel

emobolus

a clot that moves inside a vessel

Cavicide

intermediate level surface disenfectant effective against -

TB, HIV, HBV, HCV, viruses, bacteria (MRE and VRE), and fungus

Chain of Custody can apply to what kinds of tests?

drug, paternity, DNA, DUI/Blood Etoh, forensic studies,

citrate

a compound intermediate in the Krebs cycle

Citrate binds to calcium ions preventing clotting = anticoag

CLIA

clinical laboratory improvement ammendents of 1988

• fed reg standards that apply to all clinical lab testing on humans in US (Except clinical trials and research)

CLIA requirements for waived testing

-if they are simple tests with an insignif risk of an erroneous result

-already ok’ed by FDA for home use

coagulation factors

a group of plasma proteins (factors 1 - 13) that act together to bring about coagulation

CBC

complete blood count

• # of RBC, WBC’s and PLTs present per cubic ML

  • plus H&H, and diff

Coumadin

tradename for warfarin, blood thinner

Creatine clearance

24hr hr urine and serum test for both blood and urine collection

pt voids at 8am, discards specimen, then collects all urine until 8am the next morning, along with a blood draw the final morning

CRP

c reactive protein - marker for inflammation that is made in the liver

drawn in SST or Lavender

cystitis

bladder infection or inflammation

D-Dimer

light blue tube

rules out presense of a clot (DVT or PE)

Defamation of character

intentional injury to another person’s reputation, name or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) words

diurnal variation testing

measuring of a body’s ability to metabolize substances over time (24 hrs)

DNR

do not resuscitate, a patient with a DNR should not have a code called or any heroic measures

Electrolyte

a substance that will acquire the ability to conduct electricity when put into solutionWh

what chemicals are Lytes

sodium

K

chloride

calcium

phosphate

What are examples of emobli?

detached clot

bacterial clump

foreign material (air thrombus)

EMLA

eutectic mixture of local anesthestic

topical spray or cream that numbs the site before puncture

Endocrine system

regulates body activies through hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolic activities

maintains homeostasis

How do you convert Farenheit into Celsius?

C = (F-32) x 5/9

How do you convert Celsius into Farenheit ?

F = (C X 9/5) + 32

fibrin

protein formed during blood clotting, the essence of the clot

Fibrinogen

the protein from which fibrin is formed

fibrin strands

forms in centrifuged blood when the blood was not allowed to clot for 30 mins before spinning

fomite

an inanimate object that transports microorganisms

Formed elements

RBC’s

WBC’s

PLT

Galactosemia

rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects how a person metabolizes galactose

good samaritan law

law deals with rendering of first aid by healthcare professionals at an accident or if sudden injury, encourages providers to provide medical care without the fear of being sued for negligence

GH

growth hromone - stimulates AA’s used for protein synthesis, causes lipolysis to catabolize fatty acids,

Can be used to stimulate muscle and break down fat

Urea Breath Test

test for H pylorihe

hematocrit

tests for total red blood cell volyme ratio (percentage)

Hemochron signature Elite

POCT device used to check PT/INR

Hemoconcentration

decrease in blood fluid (plasma) which increase concentration

• caused by filtration of plasma into body tissue or dehydration

hemoglobinuria

excretion of hemoglobin in urine

hemolytic anemia

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction in the body

-where RBC’s are being destroyed and removed from blood stream before their normal lifespan is over

hemostasis

the arrest of bleeding from

• normal vasoconstriction

• surgical ligation

• or abnormal obstruction (plaque)

heparin

anticoagulant that inhibits several coag factors, but esp. Factor Xa

Where is heparin formed

forms in our liver

what are the three types of heparin

ammonium heparin - in capillary tubes

in vacutainer tubes:

sodium heparin

lithium heparin

Hepatitis D

usually acquired with Hep B - coinfection or superinfection

bloodborne or mother to babyduring birth

what is iatrogenic anemia

anemia (decrease in RBC’s or HB) caused by repeated blood draws

how do you prevent iatrogenic anemia

blood conservation

• don’t draw unnecessary samples

• draw minimum amount /Volume

• reducing sampling frequency

  • Use smaller blood volume containers

What percentage of blood removal can be life threatening?

10%

Who is most at risk for iatrogenic anemia?

pediatrics and geriatrics

What is the max percentage of blood volume that can be drawn in an infant?

10ML’s

What is the max blood bolume you can draw in an adult?

100ML

How do you calculate how much volume you can draw to avoid iatrogenic anemia in infants?

1. Convert wt to kilograms

2. Wt in Kilos x 100 to get volume in ML’s

3. Figure out what is 10% of the total bv - to get max amount

4. document amount of blood collected in each tube

Idiopathic anemia

type of anemia where the patient’s bone marrow stops making new RBC’s

indirect infection

infection that is transmitted through body fluids to blood

informed consent includes explaining what to the patient about a procedure

1. method

2. risks

3. consquences

4. expective outcomes

5. alternatives

Inoculate

to implant a disease agent or antigen in a person

invasion of privacy

releasing medical records without patient prior knowledge or permission

layperson terms

using words a person who is not an expert can understand

LIS

laboratory information system

used to order tests, print labels for specimens, and enter results

Liter

primary metric unit of volume

Meter

primary metric unit of distance

Multi-sample adapter

a device that is used with a butterfly or vacutainer holder allowing for the withdrawal of multiple blood tubes

N95 Respirator Mask

respiratory PPE that has a close facia fit and filters out 95% of airborne particles (0.3 microns) -

Required with TB patients

NCCLS

National Center for Clinical Lab. Standards

• national org agency that estab standards for Phlebs.

Negligence

failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonable person would give under similiar circumstance

The 4 elements of neglience are

1. Duty of Care

2. Derelict - breach of duty of care

3. Direct Cause - legally recognized injury occurs as a result of #2

4. Damage - the wrongful activity must have caused injury or harm

neonate

newborn - especially the human infant during the 1st month after birth

Noscomial infection

infections aquired in a healthcare settings

pernicious anemia

when RBC’s lack the ability to absorb B12

Peripheral Blood

Blood obtained at a distance from the heart (fingertip, heel, earlobe or AC vein)

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein as result of repeated venipuncture

platelet

aka thrombocyte, 2-4 microns in diameter

no nucleus or DNA

formed by breaking off from the parent cell cytoplasm (megakaryocyte in bone marrow)

Quality Assurance

assures quality pt care by tracking outcomes through scheduled audits

(appropriability, applicability, and timliness of pt care)

QC

Quality Control - steps or procedures used to check for quality assurance (expiration dates, monitoring glucose monitors, log sheets of fridge temps, calibrating instruments)

QC Testing

making sure equipment performs as expected and alerts the user when problems occur

-help prevent operator error, reagent or test kid deteroriation, instrument malfuction, improper environmental conditions

RAST

radioallergosorbent Test

test used to detect allergies like for peanuts

RBC;s

no nucleus

has hemoglobin

biconcave disc s

septicemia

systemic infection associated with pathogenic oragnisms introduced during venipuncture

Serum

clear portion of the blood that separates after clotting has taken place

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of the vein with a formation of a clot

TORT

an injury or wrong committed with or without force to another person or proerty for which civil liability may be enforced

Examples of tumor marker

AKA Biomarkers

CA - 125 (ovarian ca)

CA 15-3 (breast ca)

CEA (ovarian, breast, lung, pancreas and GI)

PSA - Prostate CA

VAD

vascular access device

any device used to gain access to a vein or artery such as a needle, IV cathether, central line, PICC

whole blood

blood from which none of the elements have been removed

Universal Precautions

prevention strategy in which all blood and potentially infectious materials are treated as infectious regardless of source or a patient’s status

Verbal consent

when a person reads a verbal version of a consent form and they give their verbal consent in place of a written consent to participate

White Cell Count

number of whb’s found in peripheral blood and measured per cubic milliter