Studied by 11 people
What were some effects of the Automobile industry?
Started an industrial revolution in the 1920s, Created assembly-line and mass-production methods (Detroit was motor capital). Created jobs, raised US standard of living, woman became independent, hurt railroad industry.
What is Fordism?
A system of mass-production and assembly line manufacturing named after Henry Ford (founder of automobile industry)
What is Scientific Mangement?
A system of industrial management created by Frederick W. Taylor to improve factory performance.
What gasoline engines promote?
Aviation, with the Wright brothers using it to fly an airplane for just over 12 minutes.
What was the telegraph?
Created by Guglielmo Marconi, it was a wireless telegraphy device in the 1890s.
What were the effects of the radio?
It made significant educational and cultural contributions in the 1920s
What was Motion Picture?
Basically like videos, this was used a lot during WW1 as anti-German propaganda and to increase assimilation of immigrants.
How was the National Women's Party started?
When woman like Margaret Sanger protested for more woman’s rights like birth control.
What was the National Women’s Party?
Created by Alice Paul in1923, it led a campaign for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.
What were Flappers?
Young women who were disgusted by traditional women behavior. Flappers began wearing short skirts, drinking, driving cars, and smoking.
What was the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?
Founded by Marcus Garvey, it was to promote the resettlement of blacks in Africa. The UNIA also supported stores to keep blacks' dollars in black pockets.
What was the “red-scare”?
A period of intense anticommunism. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer rounded up people who were in question and deported them.
What were criminal syndication laws?
In 1919-1920, it made it illegal to advocate the use of violence to obtain social change.
What was the American Plan?
Where it was advocated that employees were not required to join unions.
What happened in the criminal case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. And what did this promote?
The two men were convicted of the murder of a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard. Although given a trial, the jury and judge disliked the men because they were Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers. This caused them to be electrocuted.
This promoted antiforeignism.
What was the Ku Klux Klan?
It grew in the early 1920s and was popular in the Midwest and South. The clan was antiforeign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, antipacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, antievolutionist, anti-bootlegger, antigambling, antiadultery, and anti-birth control.
What was The Emergency Quota Act of 1921?
Because of the rising antiforeignism, this placed a quota on the number of European immigrants who could come to America each year.
What was the Immigration Act of 1924?
It established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe was sharply limited with immigrants from Asia completely turned off.
What was the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924?
This attempted act would grant citizenship to all Indians born in American Territories (did not go through)
What did President Hoover hope to achieve regarding foreign policy?
He sought to improve relations with Latin America by withdrawing American troops from Haiti and Nicaragua.
What was the Good Neighbor Policy?
Passed by Roosevelt, it sought to improve relations with Central and South American nations.
What did Japanese Imperialists do during the Great Depression?
They invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria knowing that the League of Nations was unable to do anything because it lacked American support.
What was the Stimson doctrine?
Following Japanese imperialism, this doctrine declared that the United States would not recognize any territory acquired by force. (This was an attempt to stop the Japanese diplomatically; did not work)
What was the Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF)?
Led by a ton of Veterans who were hit hard by the Depression, they converged on the Capitol and demanded that Congress fully pay the veterans (in a deferred bonus where vets would decide when they got paid).
What was the end result of the BEF?
Refusing to leave the capitol, Hoover sent in the army to evacuate the group.
What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)?
In 1932 it lent money to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state and local governments.
What was the Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act?
Passed by Congress in 1932, it outlawed antiunion contracts and stopped federal courts from stopping strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing.
What was Hoovers plan to stop the Great Depression?
It was to have the government support railroads, banks, and rural credit corporations in the hope that if financial health was restored at the top of the economic pyramid, then unemployment would be relieved as the prosperity trickled down.
His efforts were criticized because people thought these big corporations caused the Great Depression.
What was one of the main causes of the Great Depression?
Overproduction by farms and factories. (made inflation of products)
What were Hooverville’s?
A nickname for tin-and-paper shantytowns.
What happened on Black Tuesday in October 1929?
Millions of stocks were sold in a panic by the British who raised their interest rates to get more money. This caused the stock market to CRASH, causing millions of Americans to lose jobs and thousands of banks to close.
THIS LED TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION
What was the 18th amendment?
Passed in 1919, it banned alcohol.
What was the Volstead Act?
A federal act enforcing the 18th amendment.
Where was prohibition popular and why?
Prohibition was popular in the South, where white southerners wanted to keep stimulants out of the hands of blacks. This was because they were naïve that the law could be enforced by the Federal Government.
What were racketeers?
A type of organized crime that involves setting up a fraudulent or illegal scheme to repeatedly collect a profit. (This was becoming popular)
What happened in Chicago regarding gangsters?
Al Capone, a murderous booze distributor, began 6 years of gang warfare that generated millions of dollars. He was eventually sent to prison for 11 years.
What was the Lindbergh Law?
After the son of Charles A. Lindbergh was kidnapped for ransom and then murdered, Congress passed this, making interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.
What did states start doing regarding Education in 1920?
They began putting more attention to it with people like John Dewey create a "learning by doing" way of teaching.
What were Fundamentalists?
People who emphasized the literal truth of the Bible and opposed religious modernism like Darwinism that was being taught in school.
What was the Scopes Trial?
A court case in 1925 over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools. Fundamentalists won the case, but were ridiculed by the national press.
What was the Agricultural Marketing Act?
In 1929 it established the Federal Farm Board (purchased agricultural surpluses, hoping to stabilize agriculture prices). It also aimed to help farmers help themselves through new produces’ cooperatives.
What was The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930?
Passed by Congress, this intended mild tariff turned into a tariff of 60%. This deepened the depression that had already begun in America and increased international financial chaos.
What did Herbert Hoover support?
isolationism, individualism, free enterprise, and small government.
What was the biggest thing about the Election of 1928?
For the first time, the radio was widely used in election campaigns. It mostly helped Hoover's campaign.
After America started giving loans to Allies after WW1, what happened?
The US demanded to be repaid, but the Allies were still in debt, pointing out that they had lost many troops and that America should just write off the loans as war costs.
What was the Dawes Plan of 1924?
Negotiated by Charles Dawes, it addressed the debt repayment issue to the US. This set up German reparations and allowed for Americans to make private loans to Germany. The Germans used these loans to pay the reparations, which the Allies used to pay the war debts to the Americans.
What was The Capper-Volstead Act?
It allowed farmers to partake in trusts without being prosecuted.
What was The McNary-Haugen Bill?
It sought to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy crop surpluses and sell them abroad.
President Coolidge vetoed the bill because the bill would've cost the government money.
What was the Teapot Dome scandal?
In 1921 Albert B. Fall convinced the secretary of the navy to transfer valuable oil-laden land to the Interior Department because he Albert Fall would get money if he leased that land.
What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff?
It raised the import tariff from 27% to 35% because businessmen did not want Europe flooding American markets with cheap goods after the war.
What was the Washington "Disarmament" Conference?
Several world powers met here in 1921-1922 to discuss reducing weapons of their respective navies. They came up with the Five-Power Naval Treaty which limited the construction of certain types of large naval ships, and it applied ratio limits to the number of ships a country could build (ex: Japan could build 3/5 as many ships as America).
What was the Five-Power Naval Treaty?
It limited the construction of certain types of large naval ships, and it applied ratio limits to the number of ships a country could build (ex: Japan could build 3/5 as many ships as America).
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact (Pact of Paris)?
It tried to outlaw war, but it had a big exception: defensive wars were still permitted.
What was The Esch-Cummins Transportation Act of 1920?
It returned the railroads to private management and pledged that the Interstate Commerce Commission would guarantee their profitability.
What was the Adjusted Compensation Act?
Passed by the American Legion (support/social group for veterans), it gave every former soldier a sum of money, depending on their years of service.
What happened Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)?
The Supreme Court ruled that women did not deserve special protection in the workplace, claiming the 19th Amendment made women the legal equals of men.
What was Modernism?
A philosophical (writing) movement during the 1920s. A key component of this movement was the questioning of social conventions.
Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?
Wrote The Great Gatsby in 1925.
What was the Bureau of the Budget?
Created by the Republican Congress in 1921,it helped the president submit an annual budget to Congress.
Note
Flashcard