EA 10

Biochemical process by which an organism uses food to support life

Nutrition

Ingested chemical absorbed and used for growth repair or maintenance

Nutrient

Six essential nutrient classes

Water

Six essential nutrient classes

Carbohydrates

Six essential nutrient classes

Proteins

Six essential nutrient classes

Lipids

Six essential nutrient classes

Minerals

Six essential nutrient classes

Vitamins

Which nutrients are macronutrients

Water

Which nutrients are macronutrients

Carbohydrates

Which nutrients are macronutrients

Proteins

Which nutrients are macronutrients

Lipids

Which nutrients are micronutrients

Minerals

Which nutrients are micronutrients

Vitamins

Dietary guidelines website

Choosemyplate.gov

Essential nutrient needed for survival

Water

Main energy source nutrient

Carbohydrates

Two forms of carbohydrate energy

Starches

Two forms of carbohydrate energy

Sugars

Preferred form of carbohydrate

Glucose

Nutrient used for building tissues and molecules

Protein

Protein groups

Complete proteins

Protein groups

Incomplete proteins

Plant based proteins deficient in amino acids

Incomplete proteins

Examples of incomplete proteins

Rice

Examples of incomplete proteins

Peas

Examples of incomplete proteins

Dried beans

Examples of incomplete proteins

Corn

Examples of incomplete proteins

Wheat

Examples of incomplete proteins

Nuts

Examples of incomplete proteins

Oats

Examples of incomplete proteins

Seeds

Animal proteins that provide all amino acids

Complete proteins

Examples of complete proteins

Beef

Examples of complete proteins

Chicken

Examples of complete proteins

Milk

Examples of complete proteins

Cheese

Examples of complete proteins

Fish

Examples of complete proteins

Pork

Examples of complete proteins

Eggs

Examples of complete proteins

Yogurt

Concentrated energy nutrient

Lipids

Sources of lipids

Animal fats

Sources of lipids

Plant oils

Healthier lipid source

Plant oils

Inorganic nutrients essential for growth

Minerals

Minerals obtained from

Plants

Minerals obtained from

Animals

Small amount minerals

Trace minerals

Large amount minerals

Major minerals

Organic nutrients acting as coenzymes

Vitamins

Vitamin groups

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin groups

Water soluble vitamins

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin A

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin D

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin E

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin K

Vitamin for bone growth and calcium absorption

Vitamin D

Vitamin for blood clotting

Vitamin K

Vitamin antioxidant protecting cells

Vitamin E

Vitamin for vision and growth

Vitamin A

Excess water soluble vitamins result in

Excreted in urine

Vitamin supporting immune function

Vitamin C

Vitamin important for nerve function

Vitamin B1

Vitamin improving mood and RBCs

Vitamin B6

Vitamin maintaining myelin and DNA

Vitamin B12

Vitamin also known as niacin

Vitamin B3

Vitamin also known as folic acid

Vitamin B9

Vitamin supporting skin and respiration

Vitamin B2

Deficiency causing rickets

Vitamin D

Deficiency causing blindness

Vitamin A

Deficiency causing scurvy

Vitamin C

Excess causing liver damage

Vitamin B3

Deficiency causing anemia and nerve damage

Vitamin B12

Deficiency causing anemia and birth defects

Vitamin B9

All chemical reactions in the body

Metabolism

Building molecules requiring energy

Anabolism

Breaking molecules releasing energy

Catabolism

Stored carbohydrate form

Glycogen

Stored lipid form

Triglycerides

Energy unit raising 1g water 1 degree

Calorie

Energy use at rest

Basal metabolic rate

Cell energy molecule

ATP

Goal of carbohydrate metabolism

ATP production

ATP from one glucose molecule

32

Products of glycolysis

2 pyruvates

Products of glycolysis

2 ATP

Citric acid cycle respiration type

Aerobic

Location of citric acid cycle

Mitochondria

Products of citric acid cycle

Carbon dioxide

Products of citric acid cycle

2 ATP

Purpose of citric acid cycle

Supply hydrogen to ETC

Electron transport chain respiration type

Aerobic

Location of electron transport chain

Mitochondria

Products of electron transport chain

28 ATP

Products of electron transport chain

Water

Products of electron transport chain

Heat

ATP produced anaerobically

2 ATP

ATP produced aerobically

30 ATP

Fat metabolism producing 120 ATP

Lipolysis