appendicular skeleton

What does the appendicular skeleton include?

Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

Movement and manipulation

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapula

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

Attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton

What bone is the humerus?

Upper arm bone

What is the head of the humerus?

Proximal, rounded end that fits into shoulder socket

What is the anatomical neck?

Narrow region just below the head

What are tubercles?

Projections for muscle attachment

What is the deltoid tuberosity?

Rough area where deltoid muscle attaches

What are epicondyles

Projections above condyles for muscle attachment

What is the trochlea?

Articulates with ulna

What is the capitulum?

Articulates with radius

What is the olecranon fossa?

Depression for ulna during extension

What bones form the forearm?

Radius and ulna

Which forearm bone is lateral (thumb side)?

Radius

Which forearm bone is medial?

Ulna

What is the interosseous membrane?

Connective tissue between radius and ulna

How many carpals are in each wrist?

8

How many metacarpals are in each hand?

5

How many phalanges are in each hand?

14

What bones form the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, ischium, pubis

What is the acetabulum?

Hip socket for femur

What is the pubic symphysis?

Cartilage joint connecting pubic bones

What is the sacroiliac joint?

Joint between sacrum and ilium

How does the female pelvis differ?

Wider, shallower, larger pelvic inlet

How does the male pelvis differ?

Narrower, deeper, heavier

What is the femur?

Thigh bone; longest bone in body

What is the head of the femur?

Fits into acetabulum

What are the trochanters?

Large projections for muscle attachment

What is the linea aspera?

Ridge for muscle attachment

What are condyles?

Articulate with tibia

What are epicondyles?

Projections above condyles

What is the patella?

Kneecap

What is the function of the patella?

Protects knee and improves leverage

What bones form the lower leg?

Tibia and fibula

Which bone is weight-bearing?

Tibia

Which bone is non-weight-bearing?

Fibula

What is the medial malleolus?

Tibial ankle projection

What is the lateral malleolus?

Fibular ankle projection

What is the anterior crest of the tibia?

Shin

What bones make up the ankle?

Tarsals

How many tarsals are in each foot?

7

What is the largest tarsal bone?

Calcaneus (heel bone)

How many metatarsals are in each foot?

5

How many phalanges are in each foot?

14