Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to nutrition, metabolism, and energy processes discussed in the lecture.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

Glycogenesis

The process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, yielding a small amount of energy in the form of ATP.

Lipolysis

The breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Beta oxidation

A metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids to produce acetyl CoA.

Anaerobic respiration

A type of respiration that occurs without oxygen, producing energy from glucose, typically resulting in lactic acid.

Aerobic respiration

A type of respiration that requires oxygen to convert glucose into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in all living organisms.

Catabolism

The metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Anabolism

The metabolic process that builds complex molecules from simpler ones, consuming energy in the process.

Oxidation

A chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons from a molecule, often releasing energy.

Reduction

A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons to a molecule, increasing its energy content.

Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Metabolism

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life, comprising catabolism and anabolism.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron carrier involved in cellular respiration.

FADH2

Flavin adenine dinucleotide, another electron carrier that plays a role in the electron transport chain.

Krebs cycle

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Electron transport chain

A series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions.