whap unit 0 PART 1

All of the following commonly characterize the development of civilization EXCEPT:

(A) Public building projects

(B) Written language

(C) Long distance trade

(D) Increasing equality among all citizens

D

Women were important contributors to the Stone Ages because they were more likely the gender that

(A) Owned property

(B) Wanted more leisure time

(C) Gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew

(D) Liked Farming

C

Which of the following best describes the basis of the rulers in Zhou China?

(A) Chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people

(B) Believed to be a god himself so his authority could not be questioned

(C) Depended heavily on his staff, so real authority lay in the hands of the bureaucrats

(D) A military leader who held power as long as he was victorious on the battlefield

A

Which were considered to be common phenomena in early Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus River Valley?

(A) Complex writing system

(B) Extensive irrigation

(C) Long distance trade

(D) All of the Above

D

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the concept of civilization is controversial as an organizing principle of world history?

(A) Too broad to have any meaning

(B) Assumes that settled people are superior to nomads

(C) Implies that eastern civilizations are more superior then those in the west

(D) Assumes that nomadic peoples are civilized

B

All of the following were changes to human societies brought about by the Neolithic Revolution EXCEPT:

(A) Reliable food supplies increased

(B) The total human population increased

(C) Job specialization occurred

(D) Women and men grew to a more equal status 

D

Which of the following MOST accurately compares the government structures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt?

(A) Both civilizations were highly decentralized

(B) Both civilizations were highly centralized

(C) Overall, Mesopotamian government was characterized by strong city-states, and Egypt was ruled by divine kingship

(D) Both civilizations power was considered to be in the hands of a king that was believed to be a god

C

All following ancient civilizations were centered around a river valley EXCEPT:

(A) Chavin

(B) Egypt

(C) Mesopotamia

(D) China

A

Confucianism encourages its followers to

(A) Learn from foreigners

(B) Seek principles of science

(C) Believe their rulers were not in anyway divine

(D) Follow ethical rules to promote harmony and order

D

All of the following events happened around the same time but

(A) The Hittite Empire collapsed.

(B) Major trade centers in Western Asia were destroyed.

(C) Egypt was significantly weakened by a series of outside attacks.

(D) The Zhou Dynasty fell, and the Warring States period began.

D

What is the most valuable commodity added to establish trading systems by the Trans-Saharan trade?

(A) Copper

(B) Pottery

(C) Salt

(D) Spices

C

The people who transported goods across the Sahara and dominated trade across the desert for centuries were the:

(A) Berbers

(B) Bedouins

(C) Ghanans

(D) Bantu

A

Shifting cultivation was generally practiced in

(A) Fertile river valleys

(B) Rain forests

(C) Mountainous areas

(D) Dry costal areas

B

Which of the following MOST helps to explain why the collapse of political institutions was more devastating to the Roman civilization then Han China or Gupta India?

(A) Political institutions in Rome were weaker to begin with.

(B) The barbarian attacks destroyed more physical properties and vital public works.

(C) Roman emperors had more power then did Han or Gupta emperors so their downfall eviscerated the Roman Empire.

(D) Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/philosophical traditions to provide continuity

D

Which of the following characteristics contributed most directly to a tendency towards political disunity?

(A) Weak religious traditions

(B) Lack of foreign trade

(C) Weak social structure

(D) Diverse geographical features

D

All of the following are accurate descriptions of trade along the Silk Road before 600 EXCEPT

(A) The Silk Road linked China to the Mediterranean world via Central Asia, Iran, and Mesopotamia.

(B) Breeding of hybrid camels

(C) The Chinese traded silk, pottery, and paper for horses, etc.

(D) The Silk Road did not directly effect Turkish nomads

D

Which of the following BEST describes why the majority of the Chinese population during the Han dynasty live in Eastern China?

(A) They wanted access to sea trade and its accompanying wealth.

(B) The best farmland was concentrated along the rivers in Eastern China.

(C) They were more isolated from invasion from nomad people here.

(D) They had access to larger cities.

B

All of the following are accurate comparisons of Athens and Sparta EXCEPT:

(A) Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women.

(B)The Athenians emphasized the importance of poetry, art, and philosophy; the spartans did not.

(C) Both Sparta and Athens dominated the countryside around them and were two of the largest city states

(D) Although Athens dominated the Delian League with its powerful navy, other Greek city-states in the Aegean allied themselves with Sparta's great army to form the Peloponnesian League.

A

Which of the following belief systems have their origins in China during the classical era?

(A) Daoism (B) Legalism (C) Confucianism

(D) All of the above

D

Buddhists believe that a state of grace or nirvana may be reached by:

(A) Changing one's karma

(B) Following the moral duties of one's caste

(C) Following the Eightfold Path

(D) Being reincarnated as a brahman

C

What central feature of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?

(A) Union with a universal spirit as a major goal

(B) Use of missionaries to spread the religion

(C) The caste system

(D) Reincarnation

C

Which technologies are generally thought to have been acquired by Paleolithic societies?

I. fire II. stone tools III. iron

(A) I (B) I and II (C) I, II and III (D) none of the above

B: I and II

The emergence of agriculture, or the Neolithic Revolution, caused all of the following EXCEPT

(A) Ability of humans to settle more permanently in one spot.

(B) Population explosion.

(C) Increase in the specialization of political, economic, and religious functions.

(D) Disappearance of hunter-gatherer communities.

D

Women were important contributors to the Agricultural Revolution because they were likely the ones who

(A) Traded grains for meat

(B) Made tools and containers

(C) Performed essential agricultural tasks such as plowing and irrigation

(D) Found that farming required less work and less time

B

All early agricultural societies:

(A) were traders.

(B) settled in river valleys.

(C) used pictographs as their form of writing.

(D) were polytheistic.

D

Metal tools were preferred over wood and stone tools for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

(A) Metal hoes and other tools allowed farmers to work the ground more efficiently.

(B) They made superior weapons.

(C) They were easier for ordinary people to produce in mass at home.

(D) They allowed some artisans to become specialists in metal-working who could then trade with the farmers.

C

All of the following are contributions of the river valley civilizations EXCEPT:

(A) The formal divisions of time into a calendar

(B) Written language

(C) The development of important mathematical concepts such as square roots

(D) Monotheistic religions

D

The Gupta Dynasty was much like the Zhou Dynasty in that

(A) they both used religion to support their political power.

(B) they were both made up of feudal regions with weak central governments

(C) both used bureaucrats who specialized in their areas of service to the state

(D) they tended not to trade with other civilizations

B

To regulate the social life of their empire, the Romans depended on its

(A) world religion

(B) code of laws

(C) highly efficient bureaucracy

(D) disciplined army

B

Compared with a Chinese nobleman, a peasant in classical China differed in all of the following EXCEPT

(A) likelihood of literacy.

(B) level of wealth.

(C) likelihood of belief in a number of gods or spirits of nature.

(D) dependence on land as the basic economic resource

D

Roman emperors tried to content the masses by

(A) dividing the great landed estates.

(B) granting the vote.

(C) abolishing slavery.

(D) organizing food supplies and distribution

D

Which of the following societies' social hierarchies was overall the most constrictive and gave the least room for social mobility?

(A) India. (B) China. (C) Greece. (D) Rome.

A

Which of the following BEST encapsulates Confucian thought?

(A) Political power is given to rulers by the gods; therefore, rulers may treat their people as they please.

(B) Social harmony is attained when superiors treat those below them with kindness, while inferiors respect those above them.

(C) Only members of the aristocracy are capable of cultivating the qualities of etiquette and grace.

(D) Society functions best when people are free to realize their individuality.

B

What is a major similarity between Hinduism and Buddhism?

(A) Both religions support a caste system.

(B) Both religions accept that souls reach spiritual perfection.

(C) Both embrace the Four Noble Truths.

(D) These two religions are diametrically opposed

B

"Shape clay into a vessel; it is the space within that makes it useful. . . therefore benefit comes from what is there; usefulness from what is not there." Which religion or belief system is most closely associated with this quote?

(A) Confucianism

(B) Daoism

(C) Buddhism

(D) Hinduism

B

Which of the following statements would LEAST likely fit in with the ORIGINAL teachings of the Buddha?

(A) All human suffering is caused by desire.

(B) Enlightenment leads to a moment of awakening and transcendent consciousness known as nirvana.

(C) Enlightenment can most effectively be attained by venerating many gods and bodhisattvas.

(D) none of the above

C

How did the collapse of Han China most resemble the Roman Empire's loss of its European lands?

(A) Both were later devoured by the Byzantine Empire.

(B) Both fell as a result of depletion of natural resources.

(C) Outside invaders contributed to the collapse of both empires.

(D) Both collapsed due to lack of technological innovation.

C

In regard to level of toleration and respect for conquered parts of the empire, the Romans were most similar to the

(A) Assyrians.

(B) Greeks.

(C) Persians.

(D) Chinese under Qin Shihuangdi.

C

A major difference between the teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism is

(A) the cycle of rebirth

(B) the principle of nonviolence

(C) belief in karma

(D) belief in castes

D

In the classical period, both China and India

A) showed considerable tolerance for different religions.

B) attempted to conquer the most territory possible.

C) developed a lasting tradition of strong, centralized government.

D) welcomed influences from other cultures

A

In which river valleys did the first civilizations on the Eurasian and African continents develop?

(A) Niger, Tigris/ Euphrates, Nile, Indus

(B) Tigris/ Euphrates, Nile, Ganges, Huang He

(C) Nile, Tigris/ Euphrates, Huang He, Indus

(D) Nile, Amazon, Huang He, Ganges

C

A major impact of ancient Greece and Rome on western civilization was that

(A) the Greeks and Romans achieved a classless society, which was later copied in Western Europe.

(B) Greek sculpture and Roman architecture were much admired and copied in Western Europe in later centuries.

(C) they established empires which lasted longer than their neighbors.

(D) Greek and Latin are still widely spoken in universities throughout the West.

B

Which statement refers the best to Alexander the Great?

(A) Forced conquered peoples to worship Greek gods and goddesses

(B) Typically ruled through local hierarchies

(C) Saw his empire slowly disintegrate during the last years of his life

(D) Was amazed by the riches and goods he found in China

B

The Aryan conquerors brought to India

(A) its first civilization.

(B) distinctive religious ideas.

(C) long-lasting peace and stability.

(D) new agricultural techniques.

B

The Hindu concept of samsara is BEST described by which of the following statements?

(A) a belief that the wicked are punished by everlasting torment after death

(B) a belief that one's soul lives, dies, and is reborn many times, until it is pure enough to escape the cycle of rebirth

(C) a declaration of nonbelief in the old Vedic gods and goddesses

(D) a belief that all actions, good and evil, have consequences in future lives to come

B

Confucianism is characterized by all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:

(A) nobility is acquired through virtue, not birth

(B) people should treat others as they themselves would be treated

(C) everyone should carry out his social duties with devotion

(D) devotion to one's family is not as important as devotion to oneself

D

Which of the following is an accurate description of a cultural characteristic that the Slavs and Germans of northern Europe had in common around 200 C.E.?

(A) These peoples were primarily hunters and gatherers.

(B) The overall political organization of the Slavs and Germans evolved into regional kingdoms.

(C) These cultures lacked all knowledge of metallurgy.

(D) Their social organization was highly stratified.

B

The ability to control fire, create hide-based clothing, and stone tools were all developments of which era?

(A) Paleolithic

(B) Neolithic

(C) New Stone Age

(D) Era of Waring States

A

Most early civilizations before 600 B.C.E. shared which of the following characteristics?

(A) Animal herds and portable houses

(B) Large armies and elected governments

(C) Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems

(D) Caravan trade, underground cities, and large trade

C

Before 500 C.E. Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both

(A) had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by

(B) spread widely around the Mediterranean

(C) promoted teachings about reincarnations

(D) advocated a monastic life and a rejection the world

A

What religion(s) was based on the core beliefs about the teachings and divinity of Jesus of Nazareth?

(A) Christianity

(B) Judaism

(C) Buddhism

(D) Christianity and Judaism

A

The spread of crops, including rice and cotton from South Asia to the Middle East, encouraged changes what kind of techniques?

(A) Farming and irrigation

(B) Plumbing and hunting

(C) Hunting and gathering

(D) Animal domestication

A

In what region did the Persian empire develop?

(A) The Middle East

(B) Africa

(C) South Asia

(D) East Asia

A

All were major religions before 600 C.E. EXCEPT

(A) Hinduism

(B) Confucianism

(C) Buddhism

(D) Islam

D

The declining of the Han, Roman, and Gupta Empires led to the end of which period?

(A) Classical Period

(B) Post-Classical Period

(C) Era of Waring States

(D) Bronze Age

A

Which region becomes part of the southern Kingdom of Kush, eventually part of the Greek Empire, and then part of the Roman Empire?

(A) Egypt

(B) China

(C) Iberian Peninsula

(D) India

A

Which dynasty was considered feudalistic?

(A) Zhou (B) Qin (C) Han (D) Shang

A

Shi Huangdi, the Great Wall, and the Terra Cotta Army were all related to which dynasty?

(A) Qin (B) Zhou (C) Han (D) Shang

A

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all early civilizations?

(A) Written communication

(B) Agricultural surplus

(C) Some economic specialization

(D) Water resources

A

All of the following were features of the civilizations in Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, the Indus River Valley, and the Yellow River Valley EXCEPT

(A) degree of craft specialization

(B) development of irrigation systems

(C) construction of architectural monuments

(D) religious systems that included sacrifice rituals

D

The Four Noble Truths are associated with

(A) Buddhism (B) Legalism (C) Judaism (D) Islam

A

Which of the following is an accurate example of Hellenism?

(A) The adoption of gothic architecture in India

(B) Constructing buildings and monuments in stone in southwest Asia

(C) The spread of monotheism through central Eurasia and the Far East

(D) The expansion of international trade into northern Africa and western Mediterranean lands

B

After the Peloponnesian War, the Macedonians took control of Greece and spread Greek culture throughout much of the known world under the leadership of

(A) Alexander the Great

(B) Julius Caesar

(C) Pericles (D) Socrates

A

In the Zhou dynasty, the Mandate of Heaven meant that rulers

(A) were allowed to keep their power if they ruled justly and wisely

(B) were appointed by Buddhist leaders

(C) rulers were required to make human sacrifices in order to keep their power

(D) were encouraged to spread Buddhism through the building of monasteries

A

In China, Confucianism emphasized the idea that

(A) equality should exist among all members of society

(B) salvation could be attained by prayer, meditation, and good deeds

(C) individual goals should be placed ahead of the needs of the group

(D) harmony could be achieved by the proper behavior of each member of the family or society

D

Before 800 B.C.E. Indo-European steppe tribes were different from Chinese, Indian, and Middle Eastern societies in which of these ways?

(A) Steppe societies were more likely to have built architectural monuments with religious symbolism.

(B) Indo-European societies were ruled by oligarchies, while the other societies were governed by monarchies.

(C) Indo-European tribes did not develop a common religion on which to base social bonds.

(D) Chinese, Indian, and Middle Eastern societies formed permanent settlements with wealth based on land.

D

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Confucianism?

(A) The ethical system is primarily concerned about relationships.

(B) Specific duties are tied to one's status in society.

(C) It prescribes the correct organization of the state to achieve the maximum benefits for the most members of society.

(D) Only those who are devout and lead moral lives will be saved.

D

It is thought that early Bantu migrations circa 1000 B.C.E. through Africa were cause by

(A) growth in the African slave trade, which cause people to migrate farther inland and south

(B) establishment of trade routes along coastal west Africa, which created more routes by which to migrate

(C) environmental changes, which disturbed the ecosystem people relied on for hunting, gathering, and farming

(D) advances in gold and salt mining technologies and improved transportation routes to Mali and Ghana

C

In comparing the Han Dynasty with the Roman Empire, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

(A) Both the Han's Dynasty's and Roman Empire's economies suffered as a result of military spending.

(B) While Rome was successful at spreading its culture across a wide area, the Han were unable to diffuse their culture to neighboring lands.

(C) While both societies were run by centralized governments, Rome gave significant autonomy to local officials.

(D) While the Chinese were able to re-establish their imperial empire, Rome was never restored to is former status.

B

Overt syncretism is an essential feature of which of these religions?

(A) Legalism

(B) Greek paganism

(C) Christianity

(D) Judaism

B