Review of Psychological Disorders and Substance Use Disorders

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to various psychological and eating disorders, substance use disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Obsessions

Repetitive and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that cause significant anxiety.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to obsessions to reduce anxiety.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Characterized by obsessions over perceived defects or flaws in one’s physical appearance.

Muscle Dysmorphia

A type of body dysmorphic disorder common in men, involving the belief that one's body is too small or lacks muscle definition.

Hoarding Disorder

Characterized by accumulating items without discarding possessions, regardless of their value.

Comorbidity

The occurrence of two or more disorders in a patient at the same time.

Biological Causes of OCD

Includes hereditary transmission, neurotransmitter deficits (especially serotonin), and abnormal brain functioning.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

A treatment option for OCD that involves exposing the patient to anxiety-provoking stimuli and preventing the accompanying compulsive response.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Experiencing one or more somatic symptoms that cause significant distress and/or impairment.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Formerly called hypochondriasis; excessive worry about having or developing a serious illness.

Factitious Disorder

Falsely producing or exaggerating symptoms of illness for attention, can be imposed on another person (by proxy).

Conversion Disorder

Loss of neurological functioning in a sensory or motor area of the body without a physical cause.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.

Bulimia Nervosa

Involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting.

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)

Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

Substance Use Disorder

A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.

Tolerance

The need for increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect.

Withdrawal

Physical and mental symptoms that occur after reducing or stopping substance use.

Depressants

Substances that slow down the central nervous system, like alcohol and opioids.

Stimulants

Substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system, for example, cocaine and amphetamines.

Polysubstance Use

The concurrent use of multiple drugs, often leading to increased risk of harmful effects.