Anatomy lab exam 1 board questions

Muscle: brachialis

origin: shaft of humerus

insertion: coronoid process of ulna

actions: flexes forearm at elbow

name the origin, insertion, and actions for one muscle

”tibialis anterior

microtears in this muscle causes “shin splints

Sartorius

The “tailor’s muscle” - the longest muscle in the body

Gluteus maximus

Largest single muscle in the body

Psoas minor

40% of people don’t have one

palmaris longis

about 20% of people don’t have one

brachioradialis

attaches the humerus to the radius

Medial head of the triceps brachii

not really medial - a better name is the “deep head”

zygomaticus major

your smile muscle

Spinalis muscle

longissimus muscle

iliocostalis muscle

know 2/3 muscles of the erector spinae

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

subscapularis

know 2/4 muscles of the rotator cuff muscles

inguinal ligament

The thick inferior edge of the external oblique aponeurosis, an important land mark in the groin

aponeuroses

Strong flat tendons

talocrural joint

dorsiflexion - toes up

plantarflexion - toes down

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur here

subtalar joints

side to side rocking of this joint produces eversion and inversion movements

iliofemoral ligament

What ligament is the strongest ligament in the body?

opposable

First carpometacarpal joint allows thumb to be super mobile and _________

saddle joint

First carpometacarpal joint is a ______ _____

hinge joint

what type of joint is the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?

fibrocartilage

what is the interpubic disc made of

Trochlea of the talus

Also called the “dome” - articulates with the tibia at the talocrural joint

phalanx

Line of soldiers

medial malleolus

= hammer. easily palpable on the medial ankle

linea aspera

latin = rough line

tilted forward ~ 30 degrees

orientation of the pelvic skeleton

Female

• Bones are thin

• Greater sciatic notch: wide

• Greater pelvis: shallow

male

• Bones are thick

• Greater sciatic notch: narrow

• Greater pelvis: deep

compare the pelvic skeleton in the sexes

surgical neck

common site of fractures

greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone

For tongue and neck muscle attachments

costal cartilages

made of hyaline cartilage

xiphoid process

greek = sword

sacrum

made of 5 fused vertebrae

• Large bodies

• large, blunt spinous processes

• long transverse processes

name 2/3 features of the lumbar vertebrae

• sloping spinous process

• facets for ribs on bodies and transverse processes

name 2/2 features of the thoracic vertebrae

• transverse foramina

• bifid (forked) spinous processes

• small bodies

name 2/3 features of the cervical vertebrae

The vertebral arch

Surrounds the vertebral foramen

primary curvatures

These curvatures of the spine are present at birth

secondary curvatures

These curvatures of the spine develop postnatally

intervertebral foramina

made by the superior and inferior notches of the vertebrae

hypoglossal canal

below the tongue

nasal bones

fractures produce a broken nose

the hard palate

constructed from parts of the maxilla and palatine bone

Median Sternotomy

an incision through the midline of the sternum allowing surgical access to the organs in the thoracic cavity

Scoliosis

is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

Osgood-schlatter disease

is the most common cause of knee pain in the adolescent. pain occurs at the tibial tuberosity where the patellar ligament attaches. the patellar ligament connects the patella to the tibia and the ligament isw actually an extension of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscles as the tendon crosses the knee join. active athletic kids are at risk since OS is an overuse injury caused by repeated tugging on the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.