A&P1 Ch. 11, 12, 13

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what does the endocrine system use to send signals

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119 Terms

1

what does the endocrine system use to send signals

hormones

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2

which system uses electrical signals

nervous system

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3

why does the nervous system use electrical signals

provides responses to stimuli

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4

the basic unit of the nervous system is

the neuron

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5

the central nervous system is nothing but the _ and the _.

the brain and the spinal cord

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6

the nerves coming out of the spinal cord are considered part of the CNS or the PNS

the PNS: Peripheral Nervous System

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7

True or False: the optic nerves coming out of the brain are part of the Peripheral Nervous System

True

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8

The Peripheral Nervous System consists of all of the nerves outside of the _ and the _ .

the brain and the spinal cord

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9

the peripheral nervous system delivers sensory information to the _ and carries _ commands to the peripheral tissue and systems

central nervous system; motor

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10

True or False: Bundles of axons, or nerve fibers, carry sensory information and motor commands in the PNS

True

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11

Special sensory receptors

provide sensations of smell, taste, vision, balance and hearing, and touch

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12

somatic sensory receptors

monitor skeletal muscles

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13

visceral sensory receptors

monitor internal organs

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14

True or False: Afferent takes information towards the brain or spinal cord

true

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15

what is an example of an afferent division giving information to the CNS

a finger touching a hot surface and sending signals to the brain

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16

function of the Afferent division

bring sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system

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17

True or false: the axons of the afferent and efferent nerves look the same. To know the difference, a person must be alive to follow the directions of the signals

true

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18

A _ nerve and an afferent nerve are the same

sensory

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19

A _ and an efferent nerve are the same

motor

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20

efferent nerves take information _ from the CNS

away

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21

example of an efferent division sending information away from the CNS

the brain sending the signal to remove the finger from the hot surface; jumping out

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22

Afferent is to _ as efferent is to _

feeling/sensing; moving

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23

autonomic nervous system rarely happens and a person _ control it

cannot

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24

True or False: the somatic nervous system can be controlled

false

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25

what is an example of the somatic nervous system being used?

picking up a marker; a person thinks about it, a signal is sent to the brain, the marker is then picked up

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26

the autonomic nervous system is also called the _

fight or flight nervous system

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27

what nervous system turns on only for emergencies?

sympathetic

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28

which division of the autonomic nervous system slows down the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands?

parasympathetic nervous system

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29

True or False: the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system speeds up a person’s heart rate, respiratory rate, etc.

true

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30

the _ division kicks in when someone is stressed, scared, etc.

sympathetic

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31

function of a dendrite

taking information into the nerve cell

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32

the more dendrites

the more sensitive the cell is

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33

function of an axon

takes information away from the nerve cell

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34

what is the fancy name for the Rough ER

Nissl Bodies

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35

function of a Nissl Body

making neurotransmitters

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36

what neurotransmitters are for muscles

acetylcholine

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37

axon hillock

connection between the cell body and the axon

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38

synapse

site of intercellular communication

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39

function of synapse

neurotransmitters released from synaptic knob of presynaptic neuron

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40

why can’t anaxonic cell send signals

they do not have an axon

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41

what does “anaxonic” mean

without an axon

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42

multipolar neurons

many dendrites

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43

unipolar neurons has _

one continuous axon

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44

bipolar neurons

many synaptic terminals

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45

where is the cell body located in a multipolar neuron

at the start; dendrites send the information to the cell body

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46

what is the difference between a multipolar neuron and a unipolar neuron

the cell body in a bipolar neuron is in the middle

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47

multipolar neurons are found in the:

central nervous system

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48

where can unipolar neurons be found?

in the peripheral nervous system

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49

function of unipolar neurons

for pain

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50

where are the bipolar neurons specialized?

eye/retina

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51

what is the refractory period

a time when a cell cannot be re-stimulated

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52

what is depolarization

make the cell less negative

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53

what happens during depolarization

opening of voltage gated Na+ channels

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54

what is repolarization

making cell negative again

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55

what happens during repolarization

voltage gated K+ ion channels are open and voltage gated Na+ channels are closed

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56

what is hyperpolarization

more negative than -70 mv

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57

in a synapse, what can the post-synaptic terminal be?

a muscle, a gland, or another nerve

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58

a post-synaptic terminal is resting when _ have not traveled and are still in the pre-synaptic terminal

neurotransmitters

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59

Is C1 in the PNS or the CNS

peripheral nervous system

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60

how many spinal nerves are there in total

31

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61

the cervical and lumbar enlargements are for the _.

limbs

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62

where are afferent nerves found on the spinal cord?

on the dorsal root site

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63

where are efferent nerves found on the spinal cord?

on the ventral root side

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64

what are dermatomes

place in the skin where each of the spinal nerves connect to

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65

what nerves make up the cervical plexus?

C1, C2, C3, C4, C5

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66

what nerves makeup the brachial plexus?

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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67

True or false: no plexus are needed from T2 through T11, nor CO1

True

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68

what nerves makeup the lumbar plexus?

T12, L1, L2, L3, L4

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69

what nerves makeup the sacral plexus?

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

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70

important cervical plexus nerve

phrenic nerve- goes to diaphragm and causes breathing

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71

important brachial plexus nerve:

redial (thumb) and ulnar (pinky) nerve

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72

important lumbar plexus nerve

femural nerve (thigh)

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73

important sacral nerve

sciatic nerve

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74

what is happens first at the reflex arc

stimulus at a receptor, activation of a sensory neuron, information processing in CNS

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75

what happens last at the reflex arc

activation of a motor (efferent) neuron, response by effector

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76

what are the 6 regions of the adult brain?

cerebrum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata

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77

in order to see the diencephalon, a _ must be made to the brain

transverse

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78

in order to see the mesencephalon, a _ must be made to the brain

midsagittal

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79

into how many lobes does the cerebrum divide

4

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80

what are the four lobes in the cerebrum

frontal, occipital, pariental, temporal

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81

what does the cerebrum take care of

emotions, movement, senses, memory, reasoning

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82

function of the cerebellum

keep a person standing, posture, and repetitive behavior

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83

functions of the medulla oblongata

basic life support; heart rate and respiratory rate

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84

what is the last part of the brain that dies under oxygen restriction?

medulla oblongata

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85

what separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

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86

what are the high parts of the brain called?

gyrus

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87

what are the low parts of the brain called?

suculus

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88

precentral gyrus

motor (going out)

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89

postcentral gyrus

sensory (coming in)

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90

functions of the central sulcus

separates parietal lobe from the frontal lobe, and separates the postcentral gyrus and precentral gyrus

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91

functions of the lateral sulcus

taste and speech

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92

lateral sulcus is for

taste and speech

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93

what does the parietal-occipital sulcus do?

separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

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94

the ventricles of the brain are filled with:

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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95

how many ventricles does the brain have?

4

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96

from the 4 ventricles in the brain, how many are lateral?

2

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97

the lateral ventricles connect with the _

third ventricle

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98

where is the fourth ventricle found?

medulla oblongata

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99

what are the arteries that take blood to the brain?

2 carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

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100

the cerebellum keeps a person’s _

posture

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