vocab 2.10-2.12

Voluntary migration

the permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another; a movement made by choice

Push factors

negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where they live that compel a person to leave

Pull factors

Positive conditions or circumstances that compel a person to migrate there

Immigrant

a person who migrates into a country with the intention of staying permanently

Emigrant

a person who permanently moves away from a country

Emigration

the process of moving away from some place

Xenophobia

a strong dislike of people of another culture

Migration transition model

the idea that countries in Stage 2 or 3 of the DTM experience rapid growth and overpopulation, and its people move to stage 4 or 5 countries

Intervening obstacles

barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult, i.e., laws, border patrol, etc.

Intervening opportunity

opportunities that migrants find on the way to their destination that change their original plan

Distance decay

the idea that the further apart two places are, the less likely it is that people migrate between those places

Gravity model of migration

the idea that the size and distance between two cities or countries will influence the amount of interactions that include migration travel and economic activity

Step Migration

a process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

Rural-to-urban migration

migration from rural agricultural areas to urban city areas

Remittances

money that immigrants send to their friends or family in the country they left

Counter migration

a movement in the opposite direction of a migration flow

Return migration

immigrants returning to their former home

Forced migration

migration that is involuntary (migrants have no choice but to move)

Internally displaced persons

a classification of people fleeing from their home but are displaced within the same country

Refugee

people who flee their home, crossing international boundaries

Asylum

protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if he/she returns

Brain Drain

the phenomenon of when migration out of a country is made up of many highly skilled people

Internal Migration

movement that occurs within a country

Transnational Migration

movement that occurs internationally rather than internally

Chain Migration

the process in which migrants choose to settle in a community where those from their home country, family, friends, or others from their culture group have previously settled

Guest Workers

transnational migrants who relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn't available locally

Transhumance

the process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons

Guest-worker policies

policies that regulate the number of workers who can temporarily enter each country to work in specific industries for a defined amount of time

Family reunification

policies that allow migrants to sponsor family members who migrate to the country

Ethnic enclaves

neighborhoods filled primarily with people from the same ethnic group

Migration

the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location.