Honors Biology Glycolosis, Krebs Cycle, ETC, Cellular Respiration Study Guide

____ is a 6-carbon molecule that is produced first when acetyl-CoA joins wit a 4 carbon molecule to enter the Krebs cycle

Citric Acid

__ is the process of spilitting a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

Glycolosis

The molecule used by cells to store and transfer energy is __

ATP

Glycolosis happens outside the mitochondria in the __ of the cell

Cytoplasm

__ happens when oxygen is present adn includes glycolosis, Krebs cycle, and ETC

Cellular Respiration

This describes a process that requires oxygen = __

aerobic

This high energy elctron carrier produces fewer ATP’s than NADH as its electrons pass through the ETC becuase it enters farther down the chain

FADH₂

This atmospheri gas is req;uired for aerobic respiration = __

oxygen

This describes a process that does NOT require oxygen; it means “without air” = __

anaerobic

Type of fermentation used by human muscles in low oxygen conditions and microorganisms to make yogurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and kimchi = __

Lactic Acid

As electrons pass down the ETC, H⁺ ions build up in the __ space

intermembrane

The __ Cycle breaks down pyruvic acid in to carbon dioxide and produces NADH, FADH₂, and ATP

Krebs

The NADH and FADH₂ produced during the KRebs cycle pass thier electrons down the __ chaind to produce ATP. 

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC)

The passage of H⁺ ions through __ causees it to spin and produce ATP

ATP Synthase

This 3 carbond molecule is produced during glycolosis when glucose ssplits in half

Pyruvic AcidZc

Cell organelle which acts as the cell’s power plant to burn glucose and store energy as ATP 

Mitochondria I

If oxygen is NOT present, glyocolsis is followed by __

Fermentation

Type of fermentation used to make bread dough rise adn produce beer and wine.

alcoholic

This molecule has the formula C₆H₁₂O₆ and is split in half during glycolosis = __

glucose

The carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up as __ in the atmosphere fopllowing the Krebs cycle

CO₂

The folded inner membranes inside a mitochondrian are called __

cristae

This molecule reacts with pyruvic acid to release CO₂   produce NADH, and acetyl-CoA

Coenzyme A

__ forms when COenzyme A attaches to tow carbons from pyruvic acid

Acetyl CoA

__ is the storage form fo glucose used by animals cells which can be broken down for energy when glucose is used up

Glycogen

The area inside the cristae where the krebs cycle happens is the __

matrix

__ is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose

Glycolosis

The carriers for energy and high energy electrons during Glycolosis are __

ATP

NADH

If oxygen is NOt present, glycolosis is followed by __

fermentation

If oxygen is NOT present, glycolosis is followed by __

fermentation

Name the 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolosis __

pyruvic acid

Since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be __

anaerobic

Which high energy electron carrier is regereated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolosis

NAD⁺

How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolosis started

2

Since glycolosis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a NET GAIN of __ ATP’s

2

Label the parts

D - Matrix

B - Intermembrane space

E - Cytoplasm

A - Outer Membrane 

C - Inner Membrane ( Cristae)

Where does Glycolosis happen?

Cristae

Where are the enzymes for ETC located

Inner membrane (cristae)

What is the place that fills with H+ ions as electrons move along the ETC

Matrix

Where does ADP and P join to make ATP

Intermembrane space

inner membrane space(cristae)

cytoplasm

What is the place where oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor to make water

Inner membrane( cristae)

How is the chemical equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION similar to the chemical equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

OPPOSITES - Photosynthesis creates chemical energy from light and cellular respiration creates free energy and heat from chemical energy 

what is the equation for alcoholic fermentation

2 pyruvate + 2 NADH → 2 Ethanol + 2 NAD+ + C02

other words

Glucose + 2 ATP → 2 Ethanol + 2 ATP + CO2

What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation

2 pyruvate + 2 NADH → 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+

other words

Glucose + 2 ATP → 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP

Examples of Alcoholic fermentation

Yeast using ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION to make bread rise

Bacteria and yeast using ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION to make beer and wine

Examples of Lactic acid fermentation

Your muscle cells use LACTIC ACID fermentation during rapid excercise when oxygen is low

Examples of LACTIC ACID & ALCOHOLIC fermentation

Bacteria use both to make cheese, yogurt, and sour cream