narratives 1

ways of thinking (2 ways):

1. pragmatic model

2. narrative model

3. difference between the both

4. what is narrative truth

1. a tightly reasoned analysis, with logical proofs, and empirical observation to determine cause of effect, it is basically thinking like a scientist. eg: running an experiment to test whether stress causes lower grades, while ur collecting data & analyzing stats!

2. events which are explained through life stories, so it basically focuses on people, their goals, and experiences over time rather than data and logic. eg: i failed cause ive always been bad at math, story, not sicnece.

3. Pragmatic = science logic, cause and effect, evidence. Narrative= story logic, human actors, meaning and motivation. eg: doc explaining a disease with data = pragmatic, patient explaining thier illness as “a battle that they have to fight” = narrative.

4. it is when a story feels true and meaningful even if it is not 100% factually accurate. the way someone tells thier story still reveals something real about who they are. eg: u might rmbr ur childhood as mostly happy even if it wasnt perfect, that story still says something true about you.

what is narrative therapy?

it is a type of therapy that believes the problem is never the person, it is the story theyre telling about their problem. the goal is to help people rewrite their problem story into a healthier one. eg: instead of saying “im a failure” the therapist helps you reframe it to I am someone who faced setbacks but is still capable.

5 principles of narrative theory

1. Principle 1

2. Principle 2

3. Principle 3

1. There is no single truth, only different interpretations of reality. meaning is what matters the most, and meaning is shaped by social, cultural, and political contexts. eg: 2 sibilings can grow up in the same house and have completly diff stories bout thier childhood, neither one is acc “true”

2. All people create meaning through stories. we libe our lives according to the stories we tell oursevlves and the stories others tell us. eg: if ur parents always told u “ur the responsible one” u start living ur life according to that story.

3. culture is a collection of people’s shared stories, making it the most powerful influence on how people live thier lives. eg: classic north american story: work hard neough and u can achievee anything, it shapes how ppl explain their own success of failure.

Principle 4

• Principle 5

• therei s no single knowable self. We have many selves that shift depending on context. eg: u act differently with ur parents, frineds, boss, none of those is more your “true self” than others.

• you are not the problem, but the way you are telling your story about the problem is the problem. therapy focuses on changing that story, not fixing the person. eg: someone who is depressed after a breakup isnt broken, but if their story is “ ill never be loved again and my life is ruined” THAT story is the problem, so a therapist would help them rewrite the story.

Is Narrative Therapy actually effective?

Yes it is, a study compared CBT, IBT, and narrative therapy for depression. Narrative had reliable improvement and only 5% of it got worse, showing that it works jsut as well as other therapies.

Tomkin’s Script Theory

Our life story is like a play script. Emotions (affects) are the main living force behind human motivation, rather than needs or drives. Affects (emotions) give our motivations their power. eg: you dont study hard cause u need to be successful, you study hard cause the fear of failing and the excitement of doing well emotionally drive you to.

What are Tomkin’s 9 affects? And how are they organzied?

Positive (2) -joy,excitement

Neutral (1) : surprise

Negative (6) : Shame, Distress, Disgust, Fear, Anger, Dissmell

Each affect has its own facial expression and culture imposes displays rules on when or how we show them.

eg: dismmel (disgust at a bad smell) has its own specific face, that scrunched nose look is universal across cultures.

what are the 3 motivational rules in Tomkin’s Affect Theory?

1. maximimze positive affect

2. minimize negative affect

3. both work the best when ALL affects are freely expressed, you cant selectively shut off your emotions, eg: if you suppress all ur sadness and fear, you actually end up less able to feel joy, you have to feel everything to feel anything fully.

What is a scene in tomkin’s theory?

a memory of a specific event in your life that contains at least one emotion and one object of that emotion. it includes persons, place, time, actions, and feelings. eg: remembering the moment you got your acceptance letter, who was there, where you were, how excited you felt, that’s a scene.

What is a script in Tomkin’s theory

• what is psychological magnification?

the way you organize and make sense of all ur life scenes put together, like the overall story or theme running thorughout ur life. eg: if u have multiple scenes of being abondoned by people u love, your script might be “people always leave me” that’s the rule organzing all those scenes.

• Psychological magnification is basically what makes a scene important. The process by which scenes become more emotionally significant over time by linking together with similar scenes, each one makes the other feel more intense. eg: u got rejected once in 8th grade and then again in high school, then again in university, now every rejection feels massive because all those memories are linked together and amplify each other.

1. what are analogs in psychological magnification

2. What are variants

1. it is when negative scenes get magnified and are linked together because they feel the same, making the pain bigger each time. eg: got rejected in 8th grade, then hs, then uni, the brain links them all together so every rejection hits harder.

2. it is when positive memories get linked together, making the happiness bigger overall. eg: every vaccation with ur friends had something special about it, remembering all those unique moments together makes them all feel even better. vacation

2 types of scripts

1. commitment script

2. nuclear script

3. diff bw both

1. when someone ties thier whole life round one big goal or cause that promises intense positive feelings. everything in their life is organized around that goal. eg: an environmental activist whose relationships, career, and daily life all revolve round saving the planet, that cause is the their script.

2. a script build around a nuclear scene, basically a positive childhood event that turned bad. it creates confusion about life goals and the theme that “good things can turn bad” keeps repeating. eg: janey ran to help her mom and got yelledat by her dad- a good intention turned bad. later in life she kept feeling lost and confused in situations involving space and belonging.

3. commitment= more postive, clear goal, magnified thorugh varients. ; nuclear= more negative, confusing, magnified through analongs

1. difference between quantitative and qualitative and mixed methods research

2. key features of quantitative research

3. key feature of qualitative research

1. quantitative = numbers and stats, qualitative = words and stories. mixed methods= combines both into one study. eg: giving 500 people a personality questionnaire = quantitative, intervewing 10 ppl about thier life story = qualitative, doing both in the same study = mixed methods. decisions made

2. before the study, small number of vriables, large sample size, close ended questions, analyzses numbers, values relibabiltiy, generalizatbility and replicability and lack fo bias.

3. decision made based on ppt views, open ended questions, small number of ppt, emphasizses individual meaning, context, and self-refkexivity (researcher acknowledges thier own biases).

1. 2 ways data can be collected in mixed methods?

2. what does uppercase vs lowercase mean in mixed methods notation?

1. CONCURRENT= both qual and quant. collected at the same time; SEQUENTIAL= one comes after the other, rg: concurrent= filling out survery and doing interview same day, seq= do survey first, then interview people after