HUMAN ACT

What is a Human Act?

An action done with knowledge, freedom, and voluntariness.

Why are human acts morally significant?

Because they determine moral responsibility.

What are the 3 elements of a Human Act?

Knowledge, Freedom, Voluntariness.

What happens if one element is missing?

The act is not fully human; responsibility is reduced or absent.

What is Knowledge in human acts?

Awareness of what you are doing.

What is Freedom in human acts?

The ability to choose.

What is Voluntariness?

The intention or willingness to perform the act.

When is a human act considered good?

When it is aligned with reason.

When is a human act considered evil?

When it is against reason.

What is an indifferent act?

An act that is morally neutral.

What guides human acts morally?

Reason.

What is the difference between Human Act and Act of Man?

Human Act is done consciously and freely; Act of Man is automatic or involuntary.

Give an example of Act of Man.

Breathing or reflex actions.

Give an example of Human Act.

Choosing to lie or tell the truth.

What are Elicited Acts?

Acts of the will that are internal (no physical action).

Give examples of Elicited Acts.

Wish, Intention, Consent, Election.

What is Wish?

Desire for something, even if impossible.

What is Intention?

Desire for something attainable.

What is Consent?

Acceptance to carry out an intention.

What is Election?

Choosing the means to achieve a goal.

What are Commanded Acts?

Acts executed by the body under the will.

Types of Commanded Acts?

Internal, External, Mixed.

What are modifiers of human acts?

Factors that affect voluntariness and responsibility.

Give examples of modifiers.

Ignorance, Fear, Passion, Violence, Habit.

How does Ignorance affect human acts?

Reduces or removes responsibility.

How does Fear affect actions?

Can lessen voluntariness.

How does Habit affect responsibility?

Can reduce awareness and control.

What is Free Will?

The power to choose among options.

Why is Free Will important?

It makes moral responsibility possible.

Can a person still have free will under pressure?

Yes, but it may be limited.

What defines a Human Act?

Know + Free + Will.

What determines morality?

Alignment with reason.

What reduces responsibility?

Ignorance, Fear, Passion, Violence, Habit.

What is the Adequate Cause of a human act?

The deliberate will guided by reason.

What is Deliberation?

The process of thinking and weighing options before choosing.

What is Judgment in human acts?

The decision that something should or should not be done.

What is the difference between Intention and Election?

Intention is wanting the goal; Election is choosing the means.

What is Implicit Consent?

Agreement that is not directly stated but implied.

What is Invincible Ignorance?

Ignorance that cannot be overcome; removes responsibility.

What is Absolute Fear?

Fear so strong that it removes freedom completely.

Does violence remove voluntariness?

It can reduce or remove it depending on the situation.

If someone is forced physically to act, is it a human act?

Not fully, because freedom is absent.

If a person acts under ignorance but could have known better, is he responsible?

Yes, due to vincible ignorance.