SPAN 203 Lesson 3 Grammar

when is the subjunctive used

in the subordinate clause of multiple-clause sentences to express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial

rule for subjunctive conjugations

drop the -o from the yo form and add the proper ending

endings for -ar verbs

e

es

e

emos

éis

en

endings for -er verbs

a

as

a

amos

áis

an

endings for -ir verbs

a

as

a

amos

áis

an

dar conjugation

dé

des

dé

demos

deis

den

estar conjugation

esté

estés

esté

estemos

estéis

estén

ir conjugation

vaya

vayas

vaya

vayamos

vayáis

vayan

saber conjugation

sepa

sepas

sepa

sepamos

sepáis

sepan

ser conjugation

sea

seas

sea

seamos

seáis

sean

indirect object pronouns purpose

identify to whom or for whom an action is done

indirect object pronouns

me

te

le

nos

os

les

direct object pronouns purpose

directly receive the action of the verb

direct object pronouns

me

te

lo/la

nos

os

los/las

le/les with lo/la/los/las

le/les changes to se

formal commands affirmative and negative forms

same as subjunctive ud/uds

familiar commands affirmative form

él/ella/usted form of present indicative

familiar commands negative form

tú form of present subjunctive

decir affirmative tú command

di

hacer affirmative tú command

haz

ir affirmative tú command

ve

poner affirmative tú command

pon

salir affirmative tú command

sal

ser affirmative tú command

sé

tener affirmative tú command

ten

venir affirmative tú command

ven

deshacer (and similar) affirmative tú command

deshaz

componer (and similar) affirmative tú command

compón

entretener (and similar) affirmative tú command

entretén

nosotros/as affirmative and negative command forms

same as nosotros/as form of present subjunctive

ir nosotros/as command

vayamos/vamos

no vayamos

aconsejar

to advise

desear

to desire, to wish

es importante

it’s important

es necesario

it’s necessary

es urgente

it’s urgent

exigir

to demand

gustar

to like; to be pleasing

hacer

to make

importar

to be important to

insistir (en)

to insist (on)

mandar

to order

necesitar

to need

oponerse a

to oppose; to object to

pedir

to ask for; to request

preferir

to prefer

prohibir

to prohibit

proponer

to propose

querer

to want; to wish

recomendar

to recommend

rogar (o:ue)

to beg

sugerir

to suggest

alegrarse (de)

to be happy (about)

es bueno

it’s good

es extraño

it’s strange

es malo

it’s bad

es mejor

it’s better

es ridículo

it’s ridiculous

es terrible

it’s terrible

es una lástima

it’s a shame

es una pena

it’s a pity

esperar

to hope; to wish

molestar

to bother

sentir

to be sorry; to regret

sorprender

to surprise

temer

to fear

tener miedo (de)

to be afraid (of)

ojalá

i hope

dudar

to doubt

es imposible

it’s impossible

es improbable

it’s improbable

es poco cierto/seguro

it’s uncertain

(no) es posible

it’s (not) possible

(no) es probable

it’s (not) probable

negar

to deny

no creer

not to believe

no es evidente

it’s not evident

no es cierto/seguro

it’s not certain

no es verdad

it’s not truenot

no estar seguro (de)

not to be sure (of)