Exploration and European Colonization

Factors that motivated European colonization

Gold, God, Glory

4 Main European Countries

Portuguese, Spanish, French, British

Portugese

First to go explore, colonized SA

Prince Henry the Navigator

Funded exploration down the coast of Africa

Bartholomew Diaz

1st person to sail through the Indian ocean down the coast of Africa

Vasco da Gama

Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, 1st person to reach India (was only able to trade gold as Indians were insulted by his offerrings)

Sucess of the Voyages for the Portugese

Easier access to trade w/ India, conquered parts of SA including the Port of Goa, the Spice Islands, Ceylon (Shri Lanka), and ports on East Africa

Why is the Portugese conquering ports in East Africa Important?

They can trade and have easier access to trade with Asian communities

The Spanish

Desperate to reach to reach Asia (why Columbus was funded), conquered Central and SA (Aztecs by Cortez and Incas by Pizarro), 1st permanent colonies in America. Columbus sailed under their flag and started in the Carribean.

Why was St. Augustine founded?

To protect Spanish treasure fleets

Columbus claimed

San Salvador (now Hispaniola), wanted to conquer the Tainos (natives of the area)

Treaty of Tordesillas

Agreement between Spain and Portugal that moved west the line determining the land each country could take in the Atlantic

Lands claimed by Portugal

Brazil, lands in eastern and western Africa, lands in Asia and the East Indies

Lands claimed by the Spanish

Most of south and central America, the Philippines

The French

Settle in Quebec and Montreal (Canada) and have access to the interior of NA, develop fur trade

Jacques Cartier

Claimed eastern Canada for France, looked for the NW passage (a direct channel between Europe and Asia)

The British

Settled in Virginia (settlements started by joint-stock companies), later settled along the east coast, sources of income were tobacco and cash crops, had religious communities

Columbian Exchange

The sharing of cultures that transformed the lives of 2 continents, the 2 way process included people, goods, and ideas

3 main elements of the Columbian exchange

Plants, animals, and diseases