APUSH -- Period 2

Corporate Colonies

Operated by joint-stock companies

Rhode Island

Connecticut

(Until the charter was revoked, Virginia)

Royal Colonies

Under the direct authority and rule of the king

Georgia

South Carolina

North Carolina

Virginia

New Jersey

New York

New Hampshire

Massachusetts/Maine

Proprietary Colonies

Under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.

Pennsylvania

Maryland

Delaware

Jamestown, VA

Established by the Virginia Company in 1607. Suffered early on because of swampy conditions leading to disease. Survived under Captain John Smith. Became a royal colony in 1624 because of bankruptcy.

Starving Time

Winter of 1609-1610, period of intense cold and fevers that killed off many Jamestown settlers.

Tobacco cultivation

Accredited to John Rolfe and his wife Pocahontas, the first profitable crop in America. It was costly and difficult to produce.

Headright System

In an attempt to recruit European settlers to cultivate tobacco, the Virginia Company provided 50 acres of land to anyone paying for passage to the colony.

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony

Both colonies founded by English Protestants and indentured servants.

Plymouth Colony

Radical dissenters (Separatists) set sail in 1620 for Plymouth. Only half survived the first winter, eventually gaining help from Natives and celebrating the first Thanksgiving in 1621. Leaders were Miles Standish and Governor William Bradford. Fish, furs and lumber were the main industries.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

The Puritans were more moderate dissenters attempting to purify the Church of England. Gained charter for the MA Bay Company in 1629. 1630- John Winthrop set sail for MA and founded Boston. Small towns and family farms.

Maryland

Formed in 1632 when King Charles I split off part of Virginia. Control was granted to Lord Baltimore, became a haven for Catholics facing persecution.

Toleration Acts

First colonial statute (1649) granting religious freedom to all Christians.

Roger Williams

Arrived in Boston in 1631, believing that the individual’s conscience was beyond the control of authorities, placing him in conflict with other Puritan leaders. Founded the community of Providence in 1636, starting one of the first Baptist churches. Recognized rights of Natives and practiced toleration.

Anne Hutchinson

Believed in antinomianism, the idea that individuals received salvation through their faith, not morals. Banished from MA Bay and established Portsmouth in 1638.

Rhode Island

Established in 1644 by combining Providence and Portsmouth. Served as a refuge.

Thomas Hooker

Reverend leading Boston puritans to establish the Hartford Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639.

John Davenport

New Haven was settled in 1637, forming Connecticut in 1665.

New Hampshire

The Last New England colony.

Halfway Convenant

As people were being born in the Americas, they could not experience confirmation in the same way European natives could. This was formed to maintain church’s influence and keep conversion.

Restoration Colonies

Refers to the restoration of the monarchy following republican rule under Oliver Cromwell. Made up of South Carolina, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Georgia.

South Carolina

1670- planters from Barbados and English settlers founded Charles Town, eventually developing rice growing plantations mirroring those in Barbados.

North Carolina

Used tobacco farms and indentured servants, few good harbors and poor transportation.

New York

Closed gap between Chesapeake and New England. Granted to Duke of York in 1664.

New Jersey

Split of New York in 1664 to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Combined in 1702.

Pennsylvania

“The Holy Experiment” was given to William Penn to repay debt. Group of Christians (Quakers) called Society of Friends. Attempt at religious refuge.

Delaware

1702 grant of lower three counties of Pennsylvania.

Georgia

1732- thirteenth colony formed to create a defensive buffer protecting SC plantations and send prisoners seeking economic refuge. James Oglethorpe founded Savannah in 1733. Taken over by British in 1752.

House of Burgesses

The first elected legislative body formed in 1619.

Mayflower Compact

Signed in 1620 by Pilgrims as an early form of self-government and consitution.

Triangular Trade

Three part trade connecting North America, Africa and Europe.

Navigation Acts

England government implement of mercantilisn in 1651.

• Trade to and from colonies could only be done by English or colonial crews

• All goods had to pass through English ports

• Enumerated goods such as tobacco could only be exported to England

Dominion of New England

Combination of New York, New Jersey and other New England colonies to centralize royal control.

Glorious Revolution

King James II’s attempts at asserting power led to an uprising, replacing him with William and Mary.

King Philip’s War

Also known as Metacom’s War- a tribe’s response to English encroachment. Mohegans and Pequots supported colonists because of rivalries with the Wampanogs. 1675-1676.

Sir William Berkeley

The royal governor of Virginia from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. Used dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of large planters. Antagonized small farmers by failing to protect them from attacks.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Led by impoverished backcountry farmer Nathaniel Bacon, seized against Berkeley’s government. 1676 series of raids against American Indian villages.