Geography Study Notes

Plate Tectonics

Theory of Earth's outer shell divided into plates gliding over the mantle.

Causes of Tectonic Plate Movements

Driven by mantle convection currents and gravity forces.

Major Tectonic Plates

Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian, South American.

Rock Cycle

Processes and characteristics of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

Igneous Rocks Formation

Cooling and solidification of magma/lava.

Sedimentary Rocks Formation

Deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments.

Metamorphic Rocks Formation

Heat and pressure altering existing rocks.

Landforms - Tectonic Activity

Mountains, Valleys formed by plate collisions/separations.

Landforms - Erosion

Canyons, Arches formed by weathering and rock/soil transport.

Landforms - Deposition

Deltas, Alluvial Fans formed by sediment deposition.

Canadian Landform Regions

Canadian Shield, Interior Plains influencing settlement and activities.

Weathering and Erosion Agents

Water, wind, ice shaping Earth's surface.

Impact of Climate

Influences vegetation types and human activities.

Soil Types in Canada

Podzols, Chernozems, Luvisols with agricultural significance and conservation practices.