soc 327: module 10 - community corrections

t/f: community sanctions are the most common type of sanctions

true

most common type of community sanction

probation

the use of community sanctions is driven by

- escalating

- questionable

- recognition that community sanctions help with

- ability to

costs of incarceration

deterrent value of incarceration

rehab and reintegration

target resources to higher risk offenders

community sanctions can help with rehabilitation and reintegration: when programs are delivered up a prison context, it can be difficult

not to fall into old patterns upon release

... is far more effective

ability to stay in and learn in the community

criticisms of community sanctions

soft on crime

but actually the are viewed by offenders as

more punitive than incarceration

diversionary programs are designed to keep offenders

from being processed further into the cjs

what theory is behind diversion programs?

labelling theory

benefit of diversion: cost

reduces cost, it is much cheaper to keep people in the community than incarcerate them

benefit of diversion: when can it occur?

very flexible

benefit of diversion: who can refer someone to a diversion program

police, prosecutors

diversion can also involve..

specialized courts

how is diversion framed in the criminal code

alternative measures

examples of diversion programs

r

psv

c

cs

a

rj

restitution

personal service for the victim

counselling

community service

apology

restorative justice

diversion programs require that offenders (2)

acknowledge responsibility

agree to fulfill conditions

t/f: charges can be withdrawn if conditions are met

true

many diversion programs are centred on the principles of

restorative justice

restorative justice is good for

effective at healing underlying harms

diversionary programs can be very effective, but a major concern is that is contributes to

net widening

net widening

new sentencing increases amount of people in the system

what is the most commonly used diversion program

probation

ways that an offender can be on probation:

- as a s

- as part of

- as a condition of

- as part of

- f

stand alone sentence

conditional discharge

suspended sentence

intermittent sentence

following a prison term

probation is so popular because of

its versatility

as people progress through probation, they can

apply to the courts to have conditions relaxed or removed

the work of probation officers used to be done by

social workers

probation officers primary duties include

- a

- p

assessment of risks/needs

provision of individualized case management

with considerable discretion, probation officers must achieve a balance between

enforcement and support

parole officers have to ensure there is a surveillance enforcement mechanism to

ensure compliance with conditions

t/f: there has been a move away from surveillance and control

false

part 1: with increasing ..., concerns with (2), and increasing ...

caseloads

accountability

liability

number of special categories

part 2: there has been a move toward greater (2) and an emphasis on ...

surveillance

control

enforcement

intermediate sanctions attempt to balance ... and ...

the minimal supervision typical of probation

absolute control of incarceration

intensive supervision

probation for youth

intermediate sanctions include

conditional sentences

intermediate sanctions include ... that fall between ... and ...

correctional programs

traditional probation

incarceration

intermediate sanctions are based on two sets of objectives

offender oriented

system oriented

offender oriented: assurance of ..., ... and some degree of (2)

real punishment

retribution

incapacitation

control

intermediate sanctions are intended to be

punitive

... is not the primary objective of intermediate sentences

rehabilitation

system oriented: reduction of (2), decrease ...

institutional populations

costs

recidivism

intermediate sentences may involve the use of

electronic monitoring

t/f: electronic monitoring is often used with intermediate sentences

false

t/f: electronic monitoring hasn't been as reliable as we would think

true

why doesn't electronic monitoring prevent crime?

you may know where they are, but you dont know what they're doing

EM does not guarantee (2)

compliance with conditions

community safety

EM does have benefits in ... but ..

supervision of higher risk offenders

cannot be the only condition

t/f: EM should not be used with low risk offenders

true

EM is contrary to

risk needs responsivity

t/f: em of low risk offenders was increasing recidivism

true

concerns have also been raised with regard to ...

impact on offenders families

t/f: conditional sentences and em make families feel like they're being punished too

true