FINAL EXAM

Sabinus quos in praesentia tribunos militum circum se habebat

Sabinus quos in praesentia tribunos militum circum se habebat

Sabinus orders the tribunes of the soldiers which he was holding around himself

et primorum ordinum centuriones se sequi iubet et, cum propius Ambiorigem accessisset,

and the centurions of the first row to follow him and, when he had approached Ambiorix closer,

iussus arma abicere imperatum facit suisque ut idem faciant imperat.

having been been commanded to throw down his arms he makes an order and commands his soldiers that they do the same.

Interim, dum de condicionibus inter se agunt longiorque consulto ab Ambiorige instituitur sermo,

Meanwhile, while they act among themselves concerning the conditions (i.e., surrender) and a discussion is begun deliberately by Ambiorix,

paulatim circumventus interficitur.

little by little having been surrounded he is killed.

Tum vero suo more victoriam conclamant

Then truly by their own custom they shout together their victory

atque ululatum tollunt impetuque in nostros facto ordines perturbant.

and they raise a howling and with an attack having been made their ranks drive our men to confusion.

Ibi Lucius Cotta pugnans interficitur cum maxima parte militum.

There Lucius Cotta is killed while fighting with the largest part of the soldiers.

Reliqui se in castra recipiunt unde erant egressi.

Those left behind take themselves back to camp whence they had gone out.

Ex quibus Lucius Petrosidius aquilifer, cum magna multitudine hostium premeretur,

From which Lucius Petrosidius the eagle bearer, although he was being crushed by a great number of the enemy,

aquilam intra vallum proiecit; ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur.

cast forth the eagle within the rampart; he himself in front of the camp fighting very bravely is killed.

Illi aegre ad noctem oppugnationem sustinent;

With difficulty they withstand the attack until night;

noctu ad unum omnes desperata salute se ipsi interficiunt.

by night, with safety having been given up, they themselves all kill themselves to a man.

Pauci ex proelio lapsi incertis itineribus per silvas ad Titum Labienum legatum in hiberna perveniunt

A few having escaped from the battle arrive into the winter quarters to the legate Titurius Labienus by means of uncertain routes

atque eum de rebus gestis certiorem faciunt.

and they make him more sure of the events having been done.

His rebus pace confirmata,

With peace having been strengthened by these circumstances,

post diem quartum quam est in Britanniam ventum naves XVIII, de quibus supra demonstratum est,

on the fourth day after it was come into Britain, eighteen ships, about which it has been shown above,

quae equites sustulerant, ex superiore portu leni vento solverunt.

which had carried the cavalry, untied in a gentle wind from a higher harbor.

Quae cum adpropinquarent Britanniae et ex castris viderentur, tanta tempestas subito coorta est ut nulla earum cursum tenere posset,

Which when they approached Britain and were seen from the camp, such a great storm suddenly arose that none of them was able to hold course,

sed aliae eodem unde erant profectae referrentur,

but some were carried back to the same place from where they had set out,

aliae ad inferiorem partem insulae,

others were carried off course to a lower part of the island,

quae est propius solis occasum,

which is closer to the setting of the sun,

magno suo cum periculo deicerentur;

with great danger for themselves;

quae tamen ancoris iactis cum fluctibus complerentur,

which, still, since they were being filled by the waves with their anchors having been thrown,

necessario adversa nocte in altum provectae continentem petierunt.

having set out of necessity onto the deep with night facing sought the continent.

Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs

I sing of arms and a man, who first from the shores of Troy

Ītaliam fātō profugus, Lāvīniaque vēnit lītora,

came as a refugee by fate to Italy and Lavinian shores,

multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō

he having been tossed much both on the lands and on the deep

vī superum saevae memorem Iūnōnis ob īram

by the violence of the gods because of the remembered anger of savage Juno;

multa quoque et bellō passūs, dum conderet urbem,

and having suffered many things also in war, until he could found a city,

inferretque deōs Latiō, genus unde Latīnum,

and bring in the gods to Latium, from where (there is) the Latin race,

Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae.

and the Alban fathers, and the walls of high Rome.

Mūsa, mihī causās memorā, quō nūmine laesō quidve dolēns,

Muse, relate to me the causes, with what divinity having been injured,

rēgīna deum tot volvere cāsūs īnsīgnem pietāte virum, tot adīre labōrēs impulerit.

what did the queen of the gods force a man marked by piety to roll through so many misfortunes/ and approach so many labors.

Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?

(Are there) such great angers in the minds of the gods?

Urbs antīqua fuit, Tyriī tenuēre colōnī

The city was ancient, Tyrian settlers held it,

Karthāgō, Ītaliam contrā Tiberīnaque longē ōstia

Carthage, opposite Italy and far (opposite) the mouths of the Tiber,

dīves opum studiīsque asperrima bellī,

rich of resources and very bitter in the pursuits of war,

quam Iūnō fertur terrīs magis omnibus ūnam,

which one Juno is said to have cherished more than all the lands,

posthabitā coluisse Samō; hīc illius arma,

with Samos placed after; here (were) her arms,

hīc currus fuit; hōc rēgnum dea gentibus esse, sī quā Fāta sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.

here was her chariot; the goddess now then both stretches and cherishes that this be a kingdom for nations if any fates should allow.

Prōgeniem sed enim Trōiānō ā sanguine dūcī audierat

But indeed she had heard offspring was being led from Trojan blood

Tyriās olim quae verteret arcēs;

which one day would overturn the citadels of Tyre;

hinc populum lātē regem bellōque superbum

from here (she had heard) a people ruling widely and proud in war

ventūrum excidiō Libyae: sīc volvere Parcās.

would come as a destruction for Lybia: thus (she had heard) the fates turned.

Id metuēns, veterisque memor Sāturnia bellī,

Saturnia, fearing this, and mindful of the old war,

prīma quod ad Trōiam prō cārīs gesserat Argīs—

which she first had waged at Troy for her dear Greeks—

necdum etiam causae īrārum saevīque dolōrēs

also not yet had the causes of her angers and cruel pains

exciderant animō; manet altā mente repostum

fallen out of her mind; in her high mind stored up remains

iūdicium Paridis sprētaeque iniūria fōrmae,

the judgement of Paris and the injury of her beauty scorned,

et genus invīsum, et raptī Ganymēdis honōrēs.

both the hated race and the honors of Ganymede having been snatched.

Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:

Immediately, the limbs of Aeneas are loosened with cold:

ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas

he groans, and stretching double palms toward the stars

talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,

such things he relates with his voice: “O three times and four times blessed,

quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis contigit oppetere!

for whom it happened to meet death before the faces of their fathers below the high walls of Troy!

O Danaum fortissime gentis Tydide!

O bravest of the nation of the Greeks, Diomedes (son of Tydeus)!

Mene Iliacis occumbere campis non potuisse,

Could I not have been able to fall on Trojan fields,

tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,

and pour out this soul by your right hand,

saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector,

where cruel Hector lies (dead) by the spear of Achilles,

ubi ingens Sarpedon,

where vast/ Sarpedon,

ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'

where the Simois rolls so many heroes’ shields having been snatched below its waves and helmets and strong bodies?