Self Efficacy

Albert Bandura

Canadian-American psychologist, born in 1925. • Known for Social Cognitive Theory and the concept of self-efficacy, which centers on beliefs in one’s abilities to succeed in specific situations

Mastery Experiences

Success in past endeavors strengthens beliefs in one’s capabilities

Social Modeling

Seeing others succeed fosters belief in personal success.

Social Persuation

Encouragement from others can enhance self-efficacy

Psychological Responses

Managing emotional and physiological states can increase self-efficacy

Carol Dweck

Psychologist and professor known for her research on motivation, personality, and development. • Introduced the mindset theory, highlighting how beliefs about abilities shape behavior and learning

Fixed Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and unchangeable

Growth Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort

Edwin Locke

American psychologist who, alongside Gary Latham, developed goal-setting theory. • His research shows that specific, challenging goals lead to higher performance

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timebound

SMART

Adolf Hitler

was the dictator of Nazi Germany who rose to power with his radical ideology. He was responsible for starting World War II and orchestrating the Holocaust, which led to the systematic genocide of six million Jews and millions of other victims