diversity summative

koch’s postulates

1. take blood away from organism with illness

2. grow pathogen from the infected organism on an agar plate to form colonies

3. put pathogen into another healthy organism, this organism should get same disease

4. take blood from this ill organism and find the same pathogen

Gram - bacteria

do not retain violent colour when stained because extra outer membrane, more dangerous, more resistant to antibiotics = more harder to kill

coccus

spheres

bacillus

rod shape

spirillum

corkscrew shape

diplo

pair

staphylo

clumps

strepto

chain

gram + bacteria

stained purple, didn’t have extra cell membrane for protection, easier to kill

vaccines

• major weapon in preventing viral disease

• provide acquired immune response to pathogen

• resemble pathogen but do not cause illness

antiviral drugs

• prevent viral replication/assembly

• useful against rapidly mutating viruses (HIV)

inactivated vaccine

pathogen killed by chemical, heat, radiation

most require booster shot to maintain immunity

eg. polio, rabies

attenuated vaccine

• pathogen is active but weakened, preventing disease

• most require single dose

Paramecium

Domain: Eukarya

Supergroup: SAR

Phylum: Ciliate

Genus: Paramecium

Euglena

Domain: Eukarya

Supergroup: Excavata

Phylum: Euglenoid

Genus: Euglena

Amoeba

Domain: Eukarya

Supergroup: Amoebozoa

Genus: Amoeba