Period 6

APUSH review

Age of Industry

Period of rapid industrial growth in the US, particularly in the late 19th century during the Second Industrial Revolution.

Second Industrial Revolution

A phase of industrial growth marked by the expansion of electricity, telegraphs, and mass production techniques.

Robber Barons

Wealthy industrialists in the late 19th century viewed as having exploited workers and resources, e.g., Carnegie and Rockefeller.

Captains of Industry

Business leaders who contributed positively to the economy and society, often seen in contrast to Robber Barons.

Gospel of Wealth

Philosophy that wealthy individuals have an obligation to use their riches for the greater good.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

1890 law aimed at curbing monopolies and promoting competition in business.

Interstate Commerce Commission

Agency established in 1887 to regulate the railroad industry and oversee fair practices.

Mass production

Manufacturing process that produces goods in large quantities, significantly lowering costs.

Fill in the Blank

During the Age of Industry, the introduction of __ greatly enhanced production capabilities.

Electricity

Key technological advancement that revolutionized productivity and manufacturing processes in the late 19th century.

Collective bargaining

Negotiation process between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements on working conditions.

Knights of Labor

An early labor organization that sought to unite all workers and advocate for systemic reforms.

Populism

Political movement in the late 19th century that championed the rights of common people against the elite.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Turner’s Frontier Thesis

Argument that the American frontier shaped the nation's democracy and character.

Ghost Dancers

Members of a religious movement among Native Americans that sought to restore their traditional lands and eradicate white settlers.

Buffalo Soldiers

African American soldiers who served in the US Army during the late 19th century, particularly in the West.

Urban growth

Expansion of city areas due to population increases, often seen in the late 19th century with increased immigration.

Farm debt

Financial burden faced by farmers often due to falling crop prices and dependency on loans.

First Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad that connected the eastern US with the Pacific Coast, completed in 1869.

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th President of the United States known for tariff reform and opposition to high tariffs.

Benjamin Harrison

23rd President of the United States, known for high tariffs and the expansion of the U.S. Navy.

Political machines

Organizations that provided social services to immigrants in exchange for political support, notably Tammany Hall.

Thomas Nast

Political cartoonist known for his depictions of corruption, particularly against Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall.

Civil Service Reform

Initiatives aimed at reducing corruption and increasing merit-based appointments within government positions.