ethical consideration, history & development, and technology & applications

Which of the following ethical principles emphasizes honesty and truthfulness in all aspects of medical practice?

Veracity

In the context of MRI, informed consent from the patient is essential for which of the following reasons?

To meet legal requirements

MRI operators are not responsible for protecting patient privacy and confidentiality

False

Ethical dilemmas in MRI may arise in cases where

Patients refuse medical treatment

Which of the following is a common ethical issue related to MRI research involving human subjects?

Respecting patient autonomy and consent

MRI operators have no responsibility to ensure patient comfort during MRI scans.

False

Patient confidentiality is a critical ethical consideration in MRI. What does it entail?

Protecting the patient's sensitive health information

What ethical principle involves the obligation to do good and promote the well-being of the patient?

Beneficience

MRI professionals must adhere to the principles of non-maleficence. What does this entail?

Avoiding harm to patients

Which ethical principle emphasizes the patient's right to make autonomous decisions about their medical care?

Autonomy

Which of the following describes the assault of a patient?

causing the patient to feel threatened

A technologist who touches the patient without permission could be found guilty.

Battery

Discussing a patient confidential medical information with a person who doesn't have a need to know is called.

Invasion of privacy

Informed consent is not necessary in MRI research involving human subjects

False

Patient confidentiality is not a primary concern in MRI practice.

False

Ethical dilemmas in MRI practice are rare and insignificant.

False

MRI operators are exempt from the duty to promote patient comfort and well-being.

False

MRI research should prioritize obtaining data at any cost, even if it means breaching ethical principles.

False

Respecting the patient's right to make informed decisions.

Autonomy

Promoting the well-being and doing good for the patient

Beneficence

Emphasizing honesty and truthfulness

Veracity

Avoiding harm and minimizing risks to the patient

non-malificence

Who is credited with the discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the underlying principle of MRI?

Sir Peter Mansfield

In what year was the first successful MRI experiment conducted by Paul Lauterbur and Raymond Damadian?

1971

The first MRI images were produced using which element?

Carbon

_________________ discovered that when a magnet was moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flowed through the wire.

Michael Faraday

In the early days of MRI, which term was commonly used to describe the technology?

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield in which year for their work in MRI?

1995

In what year did the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve the first clinical MRI machine for diagnostic use in the United States?

1984

____ conceived the idea of echo planar imaging, which can rapidly scan the whole brain.

Sir Peter Mansfield

developed equation showing the precession of nuclear spins being proportional to magnetic field strength?

Sir Joseph Larmor

---

discovered that a charged particle, such as a proton, spinning around its own axis, has a magnetic field, known as magnetic momentum.

Felix Bloch

The term "nuclear magnetic resonance" was originally used in MRI, but the word "nuclear" was dropped due to public perception concerns.

True

The first MRI images were of a watermelon

True

Raymond Damadian filed the first patent for the concept of MRI

True

MRI technology was initially developed for medical imaging

True

Bloch; and Maxwell won the Nobel Prize in 1952 for their invention of equipment that could measure the magnetic resonance in solids and fluids.

True

The SI unit of magnetic field strength is named after ____

Nikola Tesla

____described a new imaging technique termed Zeugmatography

Paul Lauterbur

Proposed the concept of using magnetic resonance for medical imaging

Raymond Damadian

Shared the Nobel Prize with Edward Purcell for their work in NMR

Felix Bloch

What does MRI stand for?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Which physical property of atomic nuclei is the basis for MRI?

Spin

MRI can be used for real-time monitoring of brain activity.

True

Which of the following is an essential safety measure in MRI to prevent projectile incidents?

Ferromagnetic object screening

MRI is completely non-invasive and does not involve any risk to patients.

False

In MRI, what is the primary purpose of the RF pulse?

To manipulate the spin of atomic nuclei

The chemical element most commonly used in MRI to create images is

Hydrogen

What is the primary clinical application of functional MRI (fMRI)?

Studying brain function

what is the primary purpose of a Gradient coil in an MRI?

special encoding

the subregion of MRI neurology is

All

Responsibility of MRI technologists

all options

MRI technology has no historical or medical significance

False

MRI is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

True

In MRI, the RF pulse is used to measure temperature

False

MRI does not require patient preparation

False

Gradient coils in MRI machines create the main magnetic field

False

____ Visualizes blood vessels and blood flow

Angiography

____ Measures the movement of water molecules in tissues

Diffusion-weighted imagine

_____ Provides information about chemical composition

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

_____ is a Specialized MRI technique used to assess blood flow in tissues

MRI Perfusion